Evaluation of epidemiological and clinical of the canne heartworm disease on state of Pernambuco, Brazil
dog, disease, verminosis, peninsular
Heartworm disease is an important vector disease around the world that affects mammals of different species, including dogs, and can be considered a zoonosis. The main species that causes the disease in Brazil is Dirofilaria immitis. The latest epidemiological data on canine heartworm disease on Itamaracá Island (Pernambuco, Brazil) dates back to almost ten years ago. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of dogs seropositive for heartworm disease on the island of Itamaracá, Pernambuco, Brazil. An active search for dogs was carried out in 6 neighborhoods that covered practically the entire length of the Island. A total of 89 dogs were evaluated, being tested by VetCheck ® immunochromatography (TECSA Laboratórios LTDA) and using a modified knott test: 19.1% of the dogs were seropositive and 10.1% were microfilaremic. An epidemiological questionnaire was carried out using the Google Forms ® platform, obtaining the following results: Of the 19.1% (17/89) of seropositive animals, 70.5% (12/17) were mixed-breed with short fur and medium to large size, while 29.5% (5/17) were of different breeds; 17.6% (3/17) of the dogs were not seropositive and were not permanent residents of Itamaracá; 49/89 (55.2%) of the animals evaluated took deworming medication on dates close to collection and, of the seropositive animals, 8/17 (47%) used the medication. None of the seropositive animals used antibiotics on dates close to collections nor did they use any type of repellent method. 4/17 (23.5%) of seropositive dogs showed some type of clinical sign, the main signs of which were: 2/17 (11.7%) coughing and 2/17 (11.7%) tiredness and exercise intolerance. It is concluded that even after almost 10 years, Itamaracá Island still represents an important “hotspot” for canine heartworm disease in Pernambuco with peculiar epidemiological characteristics.