BETWEEN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM AND IPHAN: THE PROBLEM OF CLASSIFICATION AND PROTECTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE IN BRAZIL (1937-1961)
ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE, IPHAN, MUSEU NACIONAL
This thesis aims to analyze the beginning of the institutionalized preservation of the Brazilian archaeological heritage through the relationship between IPHAN and the National Museum and how this influenced the creation of the main law for the preservation of Brazilian archaeological monuments, Law No. July 1961. The thesis has as its main theoretical reference the perspective proposed by Pierre Bourdieu of the scientific field, scientific capital and scientific authority, as well as his notions about science and the field in general, which were fundamental to understand more than the relationship between two institutions - Museu Nacional and SPHAN - but also the actions of the agents who were delimiting boundaries between the scientific and heritage field in each of these institutions. Starting from the problematic that in the scientific field that revolved around the archaeological heritage, there was the power of the SPHAN endorsement, commonly linked to the technical capacity of the architects, which was in confrontation with the scientific authority of those who formed the field of archeology of the National Museum, it was a competitive struggle that would result in the protagonism or not of the Brazilian archaeological heritage in these first years of SPHAN.