The Portuguese Estado Novo, led by Oliveira Salazar, was founded in 1933 as a project to continue the implementation of the Military Dictatorship, established in 1926, which interrupted the First Portuguese Republic. Both processes, in our perspective, were closely related to religious discourses and, in this sense, we seek to analyze, from the Cultural History of Religions and Discourse Analysis, especially its French current, how the representations of the supposed apparitions of Our Lady de Fátima helped in the formation, structuring and restructuring of Salazarism between 1933 and 1951, taking into account the specificities of the socio-religious event, its political interpretations and its uses for the promotion of a nationalist cultural identity in the Portuguese metropolis and overseas.