Spatial distribution and sequential sampling plan of Oligonychus punicae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) in grapevines
Red spider mite, integrated pest management, sampling technique, action threshold.
Sequential sampling plans are used for the rapid characterization of infestations to facilitate decision-making. This study aimed to: (i) investigate the spatial distribution of Oligonychus punicae (Hirst) in grapevine plantations, (ii) determine the most representative branch, leaf and leaf region for monitoring and (iii) develop a sequential sampling plan for decision-making for the control of O. punicae in the table grape varieties Arra 15, BRS Vitória, Cotton Candy, Sugar Crisp and Timpson at different phenological stages. The distribution of O. punicae was analyzed across all varieties and development stages. Notably, the distribution of O. punicae varied among the tested varieties, with no consistent pattern observed in branches and leaves. However, a distinct distribution pattern was evidenced in leaves, with larger populations concentrated in the central regions. The lower and upper economic thresholds for implementing control measures varied according to the phenological stage, with the lower threshold (economic threshold) set at 36% and the upper threshold (economic damage level) at 40%. Consequently, a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 20 plants were sampled. Overall, this study provides a robust approach to optimize resource allocation and minimize the environmental impact of O. punicae management.