CONTRIBUTION ON THE TAXONOMY AND SYSTEMATICS OF SYNDESINAE MACLEAY, 1819 (COLEOPTERA: LUCANIDAE)
Geometric morphometrics, Panbiogeography, New species, New genus, Phylogeny.
Lucanidae or Stag beetles, are a remarkable group of scarabs widely known for traditional taxonomists and amateur collectors. Although it is a family that has caught the attention of several scientists throughout history, there are significant gaps in classification at the suprageneric level. This is the case of Syndesinae MacLeay, 1819, one of the less diverse subfamilies in Lucanidae, of which there is no evidence to support its monophyly, since phylogenetic analyses previously performed never analysed the four genera that compose it. In addition to the lack of information in phylogenetic terms, the definition of tribes and inconsistencies in the classification of Syndesus and Psilodon remain to this day. In the present work, the monophyly of the subfamily was tested by constructing a morphological phylogeny that revealed its polyphyly. Additionally, the generic limits between Syndesus MacLeay, 1819 and Psilodon Perty, 1830, which are still considered by several researchers as a single taxon, are defined. Showing evidence that supports the separation of both genera, restricting Syndesus to the Australasian region and Psilodon to South America. Based on these results, Psilodon is revised for the first time, with the description of six new species and a new genus of Syndesinae for Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago.