SYSTEMATIC OF THE GENUS Enema HOPE, 1875 (COLEOPTERA: MELOLONTHIDAE: DYNASTINAE: ORYCTINI) AND TAXONOMIC REVISION OF Enema endymion CHEVROLAT, 1843
Atlantic Forest, Amazon Forest, Diversity, Neotropical Region, Rhinoceros beetles, Phylogenetic systematics
Oryctini Mulsant, 1842, belonging to Dynastinae with 26 genera and 230 species in the world. Among these genera, seven have occurrence records for Brazil with a total of 45 species reported. The genus Enema Hope, 1837 belongs to this tribe and currently has two species, E. pan (Fabricius, 1775) with a distribution from Mexico to Argentina and E. endymion Chevrolat, 1843, present in Central America and northern South America. The taxonomy of the genus remained more than years without any updates, and it was never analyzed phylogenetically. The objective of this work was to verify the synonyms through the primary types available in addition to analyzing the genus phylogenetically. For this, material from other collections was borrowed, in which their external morphology and male and female terminalia were analyzed and photographed, species distribution maps were also provided. After the taxonomic review, a morphological difference was found within the population named E. endymion, which was considered to be only the population occurring in Central America. The synonym E. gibicollis Sternberg, 1908 was revalidated, with diagnostic characters and new distribution data provided. A new species was described, Enema josis with occurrence for northeastern Brazil. Cladistic analysis confirmed the genus as monophyletic. Thus, this study contributes to the knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships of Enema, provides an identification key, updates the limits of species distribution and can be used as a contribution to the conservation of this rare taxon.