ASSOCIATION OF THE LADY Beetle, Eriopis connexa (GERMAR) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE), AND INSECTICIDES IN THE CONTROL OF BRASSICAS’ PESTS
Selectivity of insecticides, diamondback moth, turnip aphid, insecticide resistance.
The diamondback moth and aphids are key pest species of brassicas’ crops, which frequently requires insecticide applications to their control. The use of selective insecticides complemented with resistant lady beetle open the opportunity to integrate insecticides and natural enemies for brassica’s pest control. Thus, the performance of the predatory lady beetle, Eriopis connexa (Germs) (Coleopotera: Coccinellidae), was evaluated through its exposure to insecticides recommended against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and the turnip aphid, Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Concentration-mortality curves of selected insecticides registered against diamondback moth were determined for larvae and adults of the lady beetle (#1), and the selective indices were calculated (#2). Furthermore, the performance of larvae and adults of the lady beetle exposed to a sequence of insecticides of different mode of action were studied (#3), combined with the consumption rate of the non-target pest - moth or aphid - of the applied insecticide (#4). After determining the selective insecticides, the control of aphid and diamondback moth infestation on plants in cages and in the field was evaluated combining release of the lady beetle and insecticide applications (#5). The results show that the insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis, cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole, deltamethrin, chlorfenapyr, spinosad, azadirachtin, and spiromesifen are compatible with larvae and adults of E. connexa (Exps. #1 and #2). The exposure of the lady beetle larvae and adults to a sequence of insecticides did affect its performance allowing compatible applications (Exp.#3). The diamondback larvae and aphid consumption by lady beetle adults under simultaneous exposure to the insecticides was not significantly affected (Exp. #4). The field results did not portray an additive control of diamondback moth and aphids with the release of E. connexa to the applied insecticides (Exp. #5). The number of lady beetle to be released and the release timing depending on the level of aphid infestation need to be determined for a better application of both, lady beetle release and insecticide application methods.