Counterfactual Analysis of University Dropout: Case Study in Agricultural Science Courses at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco
University dropout; Counterfactual inference; Causal modeling; Student retention; Academic management.
University dropout is a complex phenomenon that directly impacts higher education institutions and students, leading to financial resource waste and hindering young people's academic and professional development. At the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), dropout rates in Agricultural Sciences programs pose a significant challenge, requiring the identification of key factors contributing to early withdrawal. To deepen this analysis, this study adopts a counterfactual inference approach, allowing for the estimation of causal impacts of different variables on dropout rates. By applying counterfactual modeling techniques, alternative scenarios were analyzed to determine which factors increase or decrease students' chances of retention. The results indicate that the number of accumulated course approvals in the first semesters significantly influences academic retention, suggesting that academic support strategies can effectively reduce dropout rates. The proposed approach strengthens university administrators' decision-making processes, providing data-driven insights to enhance educational policies aimed at improving student retention.