PRODUCTIVE, SOCIOECONOMIC AND SANITARY DIMENSIONS OF THE ARTISANAL CHEESE CHAIN OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE AND DIAGNOSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Commercialization, interviews, legislation, sanitary protocols, rural area.
The artisanal coalho cheese chain has great socioeconomic and cultural importance, and it is necessary to comply with specific regulations. Regarding the impacts of the pandemic, the analyzes were mainly focused on urban áreas. In this way, structured interviews were carried out using the Google Forms tool (Survey method) with milk producers and artisanal coalho cheese in the Seridó region, Rio Grande do Norte from 2019 to 2020, distributed in visits to properties, meetings in cooperatives, fairs and local commerce. The answers were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results show that producers have a lot of experience in the activity, as well as a greater female participation; only 7% work exclusively in milk production, prevailing the family production system, with low volume, in which the procedures of good agricultural practices are deficient. With regard to the production of artisanal coalho cheese, the producer preserves family traditions, with 4% of hired labor. Therefore, the family income comes, above all, from cheese, which is sold, in large parti, to middlemen. It was found the absence of good manufacturing practices and misinformation about the legislation. As for Covid-19, producers obtained a lot of information, which was crucial for them to adhere to health protocols; an instability was noticed in the production and commercialization sectors, as a consequence of the restriction/flexibilization measures to commerce and fairs; consumers have increased the demand with milk quality and artisanal coalho cheese. It was also verified the lack of support from the public power to the maintenance of the activity in 78, 7% of the interviewees; 83% resorted to emergency aid. Therefore, currently, milk production and artisanal coalho cheese systems are based on historical-cultural knowledge, revealing the lack of knowledge of hygienic-sanitary norms, with little access to training, technical assistance and legislation. In relation to Covid-19, the challenges posed by the pandemic are not just sanitary, affecting the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors, a tripod of paramount socioeconomic importance for the country. These results can provide decisive evidence on the context of artisanal cheeses in the country, as well as contribute to corrective actions and improvement initiatives, serving as a foundation for public policies, health and educational actions throughout the chain.