EDUARDO GALEANO THROUGH THE MIRROR: LITERATURE AND THE BATTLE FOR MEMORY
Keywords: Memory. Eduardo Galeano. Upside down.
This paper is dedicated to investigating the textual, rhetorical and thematic mechanisms mobilized by Eduardo Galeano in the construction of his social critique and the articulation of his struggle for sociocultural memory, with an emphasis on the work Upside down: a primer for the looking-glass world. The study is based on the premise that literature is a social and historical discourse, intertwined with the processes of representation and the construction of collective memory, crucial for the formation of cultural identities. The research delves into Galeano's literary project, considering his historical and political insertion, the recurrence of themes and critical stances in his works and his dialogue with the Latin American tradition. The analysis of Upside down explores the use of fragmentation, hybridity, irony and sarcasm as strategies for aesthetic denunciation and the dismantling of official discourses, in addition to examining the thematic axes that reveal the "lessons" of injustice, fear, impunity, racism, male chauvinism, loneliness and incommunication of the "upside-down primer". Furthermore, the work examines Galeano's engagement in the battle for memory through the rescue of marginalized narratives, the re-signification of places of memory and the fight against programmed oblivion. Therefore, the research is grounded in a dialogue with culturalist approaches that analyze literature as a field of hegemonic struggle (Gramsci, 1999-2002; Williams, 1979; Jameson, 1992), and with memory studies, which conceive of it as a political and narrative construction in constant tension with oblivion (Ricoeur, 2007; Assmann, 2011; Le Goff, 1990; Candau, 2019). The aim is to achieve an understanding of the author's poetics as a tool for critical examination of reality, reconfiguration of the past and prospection of alternatives, thereby enriching studies on his production and its relevance to contemporary critical thought.