The rapid technological advancement, combined with intense patterns of consumption and disposal of electrical and electronic equipment, results in a significant increase in this type of waste, classified as Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), also known as electronic waste or e-waste. This phenomenon concerns researchers and public managers, as the generation rate of this waste still exceeds recycling rates, highlighting the predominance of inadequate disposal practices and causing impacts on the environment and human health. The complexity of e-waste derives from its heterogeneous composition, consisting of interconnected organic and inorganic materials that, when improperly handled, can cause soil, water, and air pollution, as well as release toxic substances harmful to ecosystems and living organisms. Reverse logistics and the circular economy emerge as alternatives to mitigate these negative impacts; however, they require investments to increase recovery and recycling rates. Recyclable material pickers play a fundamental role in this process, as they can contribute to the collection, sorting, and proper routing of this type of waste. Nevertheless, the formal participation of these actors remains limited, particularly with regard to social and institutional recognition, inclusion in public policies, and access to adequate working conditions. This project is structured into three chapters, culminating in the development of a Good Practices Guide for Electronic Waste Management with the Participation of Recyclable Material Pickers. The first chapter presents a review of the scientific literature on the participation of these workers in WEEE recycling, using bibliometric and scientometric indicators. The search employs the keywords electronic, waste, and picker in the Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases, covering the period from 2016 to 2025. As a result, trends, research gaps, and scientific collaboration networks are identified. The second chapter consists of the survey and analysis of legal instruments addressing the participation of recyclable material pickers in WEEE management, including international guidelines, Brazilian federal legislation, Pernambuco state legislation, and municipal legislation from the cities of Recife and Jaboatão dos Guararapes. The third chapter presents a case study conducted in five institutions located in the Recife Metropolitan Region (RMR/PE), including three recyclable material pickers’ cooperatives and two private companies with different levels of formalization operating in e-waste recycling. The research uses technical visits with questionnaire application and photographic records to assess the current conditions of the studied sites. The study also highlights similarities and differences in the operation of these institutions, as well as their level of regulatory compliance. The questionnaire addresses aspects related to structure and organization, operations and processes, economic and management aspects, working conditions, environmental and social impacts, and challenges and perspectives.

The sugar-energy industries play a strategic role in the global economy, particularly in sugar and ethanol production. However, these activities generate high volumes of agro-industrial wastes, such as filter cake, straw, molasses, sugarcane bagasse, and vinasse. Among these byproducts, bagasse and vinasse present the greatest quantitative relevance, with approximately 140 kg of bagasse generated per ton of processed cane and between 12 and 15 m³ of vinasse per cubic meter of ethanol produced. Despite Brazil’s significant role in the global scenario, challenges persist regarding the valorization and environmentally adequate management of these residues, especially bagasse. Several technological routes have been proposed for bagasse utilization; however, many are associated with significant environmental impacts. In this context, anaerobic digestion stands out as a sustainable alternative, aligned with circular economy principles, enabling the energy valorization of the residue through biogas and methane production. Nevertheless, the high structural complexity of sugarcane bagasse requires the application of efficient pretreatments to increase its biodegradability and make its energy conversion viable. This study adopted an integrated approach, comprising a scientometric analysis and experimental investigation. Initially, a scientometric analysis was performed based on 52 scientific articles indexed in the Web of Science database, accessed via the CapesCafe platform, aiming to identify global trends related to bagasse pretreatments. Data were analyzed using VOSviewer software and Microsoft Excel for result organization and graph preparation. Results indicated that Brazil accounts for 33% of the analyzed publications, followed by the United States and Pakistan, with a predominance of studies focused on physicochemical pretreatment methods. In the experimental stage, aiming at bagasse pretreatment and methane production improvement in the anaerobic digestion step, thermo-acidic hydrolysis (using raw vinasse) was used, followed by alkaline hydrolysis (3% NaOH). The anaerobic stage trials were conducted via Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests, using anaerobic inoculum (sludge) in 250 mL batch reactors, operated for 30 days under mesophilic conditions. The optimized configuration, post-pretreatments, containing 5 g of bagasse and 45 mL of vinasse, presented the highest yield, reaching 147.80 ± 50.11 NmL CH₄·gVS⁻¹. Experimental data were fitted to first-order, modified Gompertz, and Cone kinetic models, with the latter showing the best fit (R² = 0.9981). It was concluded that the use of vinasse as a thermo-acidic hydrolysis agent constitutes an innovative alternative, associated with alkaline hydrolysis, contributing to the low-cost energy valorization of bagasse and strengthening the sustainability of the sugar-energy chain. The byproducts generated after the pretreatment and anaerobic digestion stages can still be used for soil incorporation in sugarcane cultivation, adding value to the production chain.

The effectiveness of risk mitigation is directly linked to the ability to conceive, visualize, and evaluate the complex of hazards collectively. In this context, the development and testing of individual and collective environmental safety risk maps, encompassing phenomena such as floods, droughts, forest fires, land use conflicts, deforestation, and desertification, allow for the visualization of the spatial distribution of these risks. This work developed an integrated diagnosis of environmental risks in the municipality of Moreno, Pernambuco, with the objective of supporting territorial planning and promoting environmental safety in the face of extreme events. The methodology used a systemic perspective based on Geoprocessing, integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify areas prone to flooding and Crepani's Ecodynamics Theory to analyze natural vulnerability to soil erosion. The processing in a GIS environment incorporated high-resolution morphometric variables, obtained from the Pernambuco Tridimensional Program (PE3d), in addition to lithopedological, climatic, and land use and land cover data, using the MapBiomas platform. Flood mapping revealed that a vast area of the territory is at high risk, severely impacting the urban structure. Erosion assessment highlighted the prevalence of middle-class vulnerability, influenced by the flat terrain of the Mares de Morros region and the pressure from agriculture. The merging of the models revealed a situation of ecological tension, highlighting a critical overlap between considerable hydrological risks and soil instability in a large portion of the municipal territory. Uncontrolled urban growth and improper land use intensify the possibility of disasters, demanding the immediate implementation of management focused on multiple risks and the updating of the municipal Master Plan to include areas for mitigation and environmental recovery.

Green infrastructure refers to engineered solutions that mitigate and control the problems caused by excess stormwater from impervious urban surfaces to reduce urban flooding. Detention basins designed to control the quantity and quality of stormwater constitute one of these green infrastructures. This research was developed to install, validate, and evaluate the hydrologic performance of a detention basin designed at the research station of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE). The local pluviometry was established from data obtained jointly with the Pernambuco Water and Climate Agency (APAC), and the missing data were filled using linear and multiple regressions. A rainfall-runoff model for 30-minute events showed a high correlation between 24-hour precipitation and inflow in the detention basin designed by the Rational method, with a determination coefficient of 0.9978. The volumetric method applied demonstrated high hydrological efficiency, controlling inflows and outflows from the detention basin. However, the volumetric method performs better for long-duration events up to 60 minutes. The detention basin installed attenuated the hydrograph and extended detention time, proving to be an efficient green infrastructure for in situ stormwater control and a green tool to make cities more resilient.

Understanding carbon flows in biomass is essential for land use management and the promotion of environmental services, such as carbon storage and sequestration. This research sought to measure the contribution of litter input and carbon storage provided by Agroforestry Systems (SAFs) with shaded coffee plantations, located in an Altitude Brejo in Pernambuco, in the state of Pernambuco. , plays a crucial role in maintaining soil fertility due to its influence on nutrient cycling. SAFs have proven to be effective in capturing carbon, acting as CO2 sinks and contributing to the mitigation of climate change. The objectives of this study were: to quantify the litter input and above-ground carbon content in SAFs and to evaluate microbial activity in this land use system. The research highlights the importance of SAFs in carbon sequestration and promoting microbial biodiversity, which favors environmental sustainability and agricultural production. Litter production showed temporal variations, with an input of this material being observed in the Secondary Native Forest (MNS) (858.06 kg/ha/month) compared to the SAF (807.11 kg/ha/month). Regarding the percentage of fractions that make up the litter (leaves, branches, reproductive structures), the leaf fraction was predominant in both systems, constituting around 79% in the SAF and 68% in the MNS of the litter contributed up the soil. The increase in litterfall in MNS followed precipitation, while this trend was not observed in SAF. The results are in line with the literature on the topic, highlighting the contribution of plant species to the deposition of organic matter. In the SAF, the stock of live biomass above ground was 330 t/ha, corresponding to 155.1 t/ha of carbon, values higher than those recorded in the MNS (67 t/ha of biomass and 31 t/ha of carbon) . The greater biomass and carbon stock in the SAFs reflect the development of the arboreal component and the diversity of plant species, favoring the sequestration and storage of atmospheric carbon. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated a strong positive relationship between biomass and carbon (r = 0.997). SAF showed higher microbial density compared to MNS, especially fungi. During the dry period, fungi in the SAF reached an average of 10.0 × 10⁵ CFU/g, while during the rainy period there was a significant reduction due to leaching. Fungi identified included Aspergillus, Penicillium, Simplicillium and Trichoderma. The high microbial population in the two land use systems (SUS) occurs due to the maintenance of favorable soil conditions, proven by the positive correlation between the number of CFU and soil pH and moisture. The results highlight the relevance of SAFs as conservation models, promoting greater soil productivity, carbon storage and microbial biodiversity compared to MNS. These systems stand out as important tools for environmental conservation, associated with agricultural production and environmental preservation.

Communities of Social Interest in Recife, Pernambuco, are characterized as areas occupied by a low-income population living in precarious housing and sanitation services. The lack of sanitation in these areas has a cause-and-effect relationship with the proliferation of arboviruses, diseases linked to the insufficiency of these services. The city of Recife has sanitation rates below ideal, with a high rate of waste in relation to the water supply service. Given the need to universalize these services, the use of indicators functions as instruments capable of measuring problems and directing the definition of public policies. Taking into account the relationship between sanitation and arboviruses and the insufficiency of these services in the city of Recife, it is therefore justified to study the relationship between arboviruses and the lack of sanitation as an indicator of priority areas for action in the management of basic sanitation based on the spatialization of arbovirus cases. The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of indicators in the context of sanitation and to analyze the connection between arboviruses and the lack of sanitation, using this relationship as an indicator of management of the sector. The choice of the municipality of Recife-PE as the study area is based on the pre-definition of areas lacking sanitation by the municipal government in 2015, which allowed the validity of the indicator to be tested geospatially. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was used in order to understand the state of the art on sanitation management with the use of indicators. In addition, spatial and statistical analyses were conducted on the relationship between arboviruses and sanitation for the years 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2021 in the municipality of Recife, in Pernambuco, through the estimation of Kernel Density, for visual analysis of the studied area, the Moran Index, to evaluate spatial autocorrelation between sanitation and arboviruses and obtain arbovirus clusters, and the Markov Chain Model (MCM), to assess the probability of evolution of the systems, using the weighted average of the relationships defined by the Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to define the priority areas for action. Regarding RSL, a growing academic interest in the topic was observed, with a large number of publications, with the main research subject being the analysis of water quality. The Moran's Index showed the existence of moderate positive spatial autocorrelation between arbovirus cases and Communities of Social Interest in Recife, Pernambuco. The MCM showed low chances of improvement in the sanitary status of Recife based on the current state of the city. Most of the areas characterized as critical were in Communities of Social Interest. The critical areas outside the Communities of Social Interest were located on the margins of these regions. There is stability in the choice of indicators in the academic environment, demonstrating a possible need for new guidelines and approaches in the academic field. The results for the Moran's Index and for the LISA in Recife indicate the possibility of using the arbovirus/sanitation relationship as a possible management indicator by establishing the existence of spatial autocorrelation, mainly in the areas characterized as High-High.

Research over the last twenty years in Brazil has shown that the results for the use of coconutdust as a substrate for commercial seedling production have been appropriate, mainly due to itsavailability (abundance) and low cost. On the other hand, although the use of shellfi sh waste has beenproven to be eff ective as an agricultural corrective, its use as a product incorporated into an agriculturalsubstrate has not yet been carried out. Various studies have been carried out using coconut dust, whichhave provided clear evidence of the effi ciency of this raw material in the root growth phase, but this effi ciency is not maintained in the vegetative growth phase. It is hoped that the research in question willprovide results for the formulation of agricultural substrate, i.e. proposing a more effi cient proportionfor the use of coconut dust associated with shellfi sh waste (oyster dust), solving the problem of thevegetative growth phase in particular. If so, this will bring a technological innovation that aims toovercome, among other issues, the problem of soil fertility for the bean crop. In short, the study has agreat social impact because, by transforming waste into useful raw material for agriculture, it helps topreserve the environment, create jobs, improve agricultural production and promote more sustainableand innovative practices in the countryside. This directly benefi ts coastal communities and smallproducers, contributing to a more sustainable and just future.

Soil is an essential resource for the maintenance of life on planet Earth. However, due to the accelerated process of urbanization, the excessive generation of waste, and the inadequate management of chemical substances in agriculture, this resource has suffered constant degradation. High concentrations of potentially toxic metals pose risks to human health due to bioaccumulation in food chains. In this context, the scientific community seeks possibilities to reduce these contaminants in the soil. Biochar is a carbonaceous product produced from the thermochemical decomposition of biomass and is widely used in the remediation of contaminated soils, such as potentially toxic metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd), due to its physicochemical properties and adsorption capacity. However, to optimize the adsorptive capacity of biochar, modification methods are employed, such as chemical activation, which increases the specific surface area of the material, enhancing its efficiency in contaminant adsorption.Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of zinc immobilization by biochar modified with potassium hydroxide (KOH) in a vegetable cultivation area. Based on this principle, the research was carried out in two chapters: the first consisted of a systematic literature review on the use of biochar in the immobilization of potentially toxic metals in Brazil, in order to map the studies on the topic. And the second consisted of miscible column tests to evaluate the immobilization of zinc by KOH-modified biochar derived from sugarcane, pyrolyzed at 700ºC, in a vegetable cultivation area located in Vitória de Santo Antão. The results obtained indicate a growing number of studies worldwide, but in Brazil, research is still lacking, especially in the Northeast. However, the results showed that the soil enriched with modified biochar presented total retention of zinc, while the control system (sand + modified biochar) showed low immobilization capacity for this metal. Therefore, biochar activated with potassium hydroxide proved to be a promising material for zinc immobilization in soils, although further field studies are necessary for more comprehensive analyses.

The intensification of impervious surfaces in urban areas has significantly contributed to the increase in surface runoff and the overloading of conventional drainage systems. In this context, the present study evaluated the hydraulic efficiency of sustainable drainage devices applied to an urban parking lot through hydrological modeling using the EPA-SWMM software. Four distinct scenarios were simulated: (i) fully impervious pavement (PI), (ii) fully permeable pavement (PP), (iii) impervious pavement with a bioretention swale occupying one-third of the area (BV), and (iv) permeable pavement with a bioretention swale also occupying one-third of the area (BP). Each scenario was assessed under five theoretical rainfall events, with return periods of 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years and a duration of 10 minutes, characterizing high-intensity, short-duration storms. The results showed that the modeled sustainable systems were able to promote significant hydrological attenuation, especially in the scenarios with a greater proportion of permeable area. The permeable pavement scenario alone exhibited the highest peak flow reductions, exceeding 45% for lower return periods. The combined scenario (BP) showed similar performance, with reductions close to 44%, while the isolated bioretention swale (BV) produced more modest reductions, ranging from 10% to 13%. In terms of total runoff volume, the highest reductions were also observed in the PP and BP scenarios, reaching up to 11%, whereas the BV scenario achieved reductions of less than 2%. The results confirm the effectiveness of sustainable drainage systems in mitigating the hydrological impacts of urbanization, even in small-scale areas such as parking lots. The combined application of techniques demonstrated synergistic potential, reinforcing their viability as sustainable drainage strategies for managing surface runoff in urban environments.

The water potabilization process generates solid waste, primarily during the decantation stage, due to the chemical products added during the coagulation step. The final disposal of this solid waste (sludge) without prior treatment into water bodies is a significant concern, as the sludge contains metals. This action can induce toxicity to aquatic organisms, compromisse water quality, and affect human health, especially when high concentrations of metals are present in the sludge. Therefore, it is necessary to assess parameters that reflect the true magnitude of ecotoxicological impacts. The use of animal models, such as zebrafish, can serve as sensitive tools for detecting potential environmental risks caused by Chemical compounds. Furthermore, zebrafish can also be used as a model for human fetal intoxication, as the first 24 hours of development in this animal correspond to the first trimester of human fetal development. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the protective effect of folic acid against fetal intoxication by water treatment plant sludge using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. The mapping of scientific production regarding the use of zebrafish in the embryonic and larval stages revealed its relevance as an animal model for toxicological analysis of effluents and waste. A total of 88 documents were found over a ten-year horizon (2013 - 2023). China led in the number of published articles (15 papers). The studies indicated a trend in relation to the main effluents and solid waste (pharmaceutical, tannery, hospital, petroleum, and textile dyes). Regarding sludge, solubilization was performed and the elutriate was obtained. The physicochemical characterization of the sludge and elutriate was then studied, with the following parameters assessed: pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, color, solids series, chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride content, and metals. After exposure to individual dilutions of the elutriate based on NBR 15088 (ABNT, 2016) and mixtures of folic acid and elutriate, the toxic effects were evaluated using the zebrafish fetal intoxication model in relation to epiboly at 8 hours post-fertilization (hpf) and affected animals (mortality and teratogenic effects – at 24 hpf). Considering the toxicity assessment at 8 hpf and 24 hpf, the elutriate dilutions were not found to be potentially toxic. Regarding the evaluation of the protective effect of folic acid, folic acid (FA) alone increased the percentagem of epiboly in the embryos – FA 75 μM (79.89%) and FA 100 μM (84.07%). However, when combined with the water treatment plant (WTP) elutriate, there was a reduction in the percentage of epiboly – FA 50 μM + ELU 100% (60.31%); FA 75 μM + ELU 100% (58.77%); FA 100 μM + ELU 100% (62.94%). We conclude that the WTP elutriate was not toxic for the parameters evaluated in this study, confirming NBR 10.004 (ABNT, 2004), which classifies sludge as a class II non-hazardous waste. However, when combined with folic acid, toxicity was observed in the evaluated parameters, demonstrating the complexity of studying interactions with real samples in animal models.

The vulnerability of high-altitude wetlands intensifies the negative impacts resulting from unregulated exploitation, underscoring the importance of adopting environmental management strategies. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the conservation status of springs and propose environmental restoration techniques that contribute to biodiversity conservation and the maintenance of water quality and availability. This assessment was supported by analyses of environmental, physicochemical, microbiological, floristic, and phytosociological conditions of six springs located within a high-altitude wetland area. Macroscopic evaluation indicated that 50% of the springs exhibit a high degree of preservation (Class A), 33.33% are in poor conservation condition (Class D), and 16.67% are in a severely degraded state (Class E). Despite differences in preservation status, all springs showed signs of contamination risk. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses revealed significant variation in water quality across all sampling points, indicating that none of the samples fully met the potability standards established by Ordinance GM/MS No. 888/2021. Contaminants such as organic matter, nitrogenous compounds, and metals were detected at concentrations exceeding permissible limits, posing a threat to public health. Floristic and phytosociological analyses indicated a predominance of native species in Area 3 (spring 6), which was the only one among the six springs evaluated to exhibit characteristics consistent with the legal criteria for Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs). Area 1 (spring 4) and Area 2 (spring 5) presented a higher number of exotic species, reinforcing the ecological importance of remnant vegetation cover for ecosystem maintenance. Land use and land cover analysis demonstrated urban and agricultural expansion over areas previously occupied by native vegetation. The results highlight the urgent need for integrated monitoring strategies, educational initiatives, and investments in sanitation infrastructure, aimed at conserving water resources, mitigating environmental impacts, and promoting the sustainability of spring ecosystems.

This dissertation presents the development of an interactive tool in Python, built using the
Streamlit library, aimed at analyzing and visualizing data from corporate Greenhouse Gas
(GHG) inventories. The tool was validated through a case study using data from the company
Alcoa, covering the period from 2019 to 2023. The platform allows for disaggregation of
emissions by scope and category, application of dynamic filters, interactive maps and charts,
trend analyses, and comparison with national data from SEEG. Key features include the ability
to upload new inventories, export tables in .csv format, and integrate multiple reports
automatically. As a free, open-source, and customizable solution that supports analytical
libraries, the platform stands out as a robust alternative to conventional data visualization tools.
The results highlight its potential as a decision-support instrument for climate governance,
contributing to greater transparency and efficiency in corporate emissions management.

Laundries are part of the textile process and generate significant amounts of effluents (liquid waste) that must undergo treatment before disposal into water bodies. The physical-chemical treatment generates textile sludge, classified as non-hazardous solid waste. The disposal of treated effluent into water bodies is subject to physical-chemical analyses and ecotoxicity tests to determine the compound's harmfulness in the environment. In this sense, the present study aims to analyze the ecotoxicity of residues generated in the Effluent Treatment Station (ETE) of a laundry facility in the Textile Hub of the Agreste region of Pernambuco, located in the city of Caruaru. Mapping scientific publications on the topic allowed for the classification of the zebrafish as a promising model for ecotoxicological analyses of textile effluents, particularly in embryonic and larval analyses, due to their low cost, short period requirement, and adherence to an internationally imposed standard (OECD 236). Thus, the impact of effluents and textile sludge on the embryonic and larval stages of zebrafish was evaluated. For the sludge, solubilization was carried out to obtain the eluate. The effluents and sludge were characterized through physicochemical analyses, including pH, color, turbidity, alkalinity, chloride, COD, total hardness, solids, and metals. For ecotoxicological analyses, embryonic development was initially assessed at 8 hours post-fertilization (hpf) through epiboly. This analysis allowed for the determination of ideal dilutions for each effluent and sludge, considering low coagulation (mortality) and developmental delay. Based on these principles, the dilutions established for ecotoxicity tests until 144 hpf were: ET 6.3%, ET 12.5%, EB 6.3%, ELU 6.3%. Despite all tests conducted, ELU 6.3% exhibited higher toxicity, causing developmental retardation and high mortality in all studied periods, indicating the high toxicity of the sludge. Affected animals exposed to EB 6.3%, ET 12.5%, and ET 6.3% displayed spinal deformities, tail deformities, yolk sac edema, and pericardial edema. There were alterations in heart rate among animals exposed to ET 12% and EB 6.3%. All effluents affected touch sensitivity and thigmotaxis, indicating neurotoxicity. Thus, it is observed that although the treatment of raw effluent proved efficient in reducing some parameters and the NBR 10004/2004 classifies sludge as non-hazardous class II waste, when subjected to more complex ecotoxicological analyses such as the study of animal development and behavior, these residues are found to be toxic even in diluted samples. Some parameters evaluated in this study are not mentioned in regulations but may affect aquatic life. Among these, COD presented high values in all samples evaluated, particularly in the eluate of the sludge, suggesting this parameter as a possible toxic agent. Likewise, Al was the second most abundant metal in all samples evaluated; studies demonstrate that Al can cause toxic effects on the nervous, reproductive, and cardiovasculares systems. Aligning with the neurotoxic responses and cardiovascular changes found in this study, indicating this metal as a possible toxic agent. These ecotoxicological responses indicate that textile effluent and sludge contain compounds that induce ecotoxicity, particularly causing developmental delays, teratogenic damage, cardiovascular, and neurological effects.

Preserving the ecosystem is fundamental to maintaining life on earth, in order to recover what has already been lost, in terms of environmental devastation, a radical change is needed in the daily habits of the entire population. To this end, Environmental Legislation and Environmental Licensing can and should be inspection and control mechanisms to subsidize nature preservation and recovery actions. In Brazil, these mechanisms gained more relevance with the publication of the National Environmental Policy, in the 1980s. In the United States, despite the topic being dealt with earlier, in the 1960s, the subject is very little detailed and permissive, making the environmental control process fragile. In view of the above, this work aims to propose a term of reference for renewing the operating license in shopping malls, considering that these large-scale equipment are potential generators of significant environmental impacts. To achieve this objective, this research will carry out: (i) investigation of the licensing process of studies developed in shopping centers, through documentary, bibliographic, bibliometric, scientometrics and infometrics survey; (ii) analysis of didelphis albiventris as a bioindicator of the urban environment in a shopping mall and whether it can be used as an environmental monitoring mechanism; (iii) comparative study between Brazilian (Federal, State of Pernambuco and Municipal of Recife) and North American (Federal and State of California) legislation relating to licensing and indicators for monitoring environmental conditions for renewing the operating license in shopping malls ; (iv) proposal of a Term of Reference for monitoring environmental conditions, based on the results of comparative studies in comparison with the process of renewing the Operating License of a large shopping mall. In this way, it is expected that this research can contribute so that shopping mall environmental managers can have a standard established by the environmental agency and can define indicators that are permanently monitored and result in a quick and efficient process of renewing the Operations License.

The process of accelerated urbanization is one of the factors that has exerted pressure on the quality and availability of water resources in all regions of the world. So that, this aspect added with the scenario of water scarcity in the semi-arid regions of the planet, has driven the governors to seek effective interventions to better manage river basins, with the aim of understanding the environmental picture and supporting decision-making processes to conserve and improve the natural resources they contain. In this context, this study sought to assess the water sustainability of the largest river basin in Pernambuco, which is home to the Pajeú River in the Sertão region of the state. The research was carried out in three parts: the first introduced the subject through a systematic review of the literature on water sustainability in river basins. The second segment focused on the analysis of water governance in 11 municipalities selected in the basin area and located along the Pajeú river channel, identifying the level of compliance with water legislation through the analysis of institutional, planning and financial indices. The third section presents the current water sustainability conditions of the Pajeú river basin using the Driving Force – Pressure – State – Impact - Response (DPSIR) model at the micro level (by municipal area and region) and macro level (in the basin as a whole). The results obtained consolidate a worrying scenario and that points to a progressive depletion of water resources in all regions of the basin, concomitant with a lack of investment and management of water-producing areas, as well as the protection of existing springs. Based on the findings presented here, the research also proposes guidelines for action by local and regional managers and studies on the subject, in order to deepen political and administrative discussions related to the conservation and sustainable use of the Pajeú River basin.

One of the main wastes from coffee farming is coffee grounds, obtained after aqueous
extraction and rich in substances with toxic potential, such as caffeine. Generated in large
volumes in Brazil and around the world, coffee grounds are discarded uncontrollably in
landfills or dumps. Given the current scenario and given the importance of coffee in the
Brazilian economy, the present study aimed to identify viable compositions for reusing
fresh coffee grounds considering their possible toxic effects, isolated and in volumetric
combinations with commercial substrate, for agricultural production of seedlings. of
lettuce and coffee. Scientific production on the reuse of coffee grounds is still incipient
and little directed towards agricultural production based on the concept of circular
economy. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with
treatments 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of coffee grounds and substrate. The coffee
grounds were characterized for moisture, pH and caffeine content. To evaluate the toxicity
of caffeine in the soil, an escape test was carried out with earthworms of the species E.
fetida and phytotoxicity with seed incubation. To determine the best compound for
seedling production, bioassays were carried out with lettuce and coffee seeds. The
variables evaluated were the earthworm avoidance rate, the germination index and radicle
growth in the seeds, the % of germination, emergence speed, height, number of leaves and
weight of the fresh dry aerial part in the seedlings produced. The statistical treatment of
the data obtained made it possible to identify that at concentrations of 75% and 100%
there is inhibition of seed germination, a high avoidance rate and inhibitory results in the
production of seedlings. Concentrations of 25% and 50% demonstrated satisfactory results
for composing substrates for the production of coffee and lettuce seedlings.

The significant role played by the construction sector, both in the development of projects and in the production of inputs, has consequences that cause negative impacts on the environment, one of the main ones being the generation and improper disposal of waste. The study and development of ways of applying industrial waste from the production of inputs for the construction industry is one of the most promising alternatives for reducing negative impacts on the environment. When it comes to soil improvement, the use of waste materials has been gaining ground and is being recognized as a sustainable and lower-cost alternative. The aim of this research was to evaluate the geotechnical performance of a soil with the addition of ceramic tile waste in proportions of 20%, 40% and 60%, with a view to improving its physical and geomechanical properties for application in engineering works. To achieve this objective, the physical characterization of the samples was carried out using particle size tests, consistency limits, specific grain mass and permeability at constant load, as well as the compaction, simple compression, one-dimensional densification and California Support Index tests to verify the geomechanical characteristics. There was a change in the plasticity characteristics as soon as the 40% ceramic waste was added, from highly plastic to moderately plastic. With regard to the permeability coefficient, there was a 10-fold increase for the samples composed of 40% and 60% ceramic waste. For the unconfined compressive strength, there was a progressive drop in the tensile strength as the waste was added. As for the California Support Index, there was an increase in strength from the incorporation of 40% waste, with a gain of 176% and rising to 332% when 60% waste was added. The analyses carried out indicate that it is feasible to use the sample containing 20% ceramic waste in landfill cover layers, meeting the requirements of NBR 13896/1997. All the samples can also be used as road embankments, in accordance with DNIT standard 108/2009, and the sample containing 60% ceramic residue is suitable for use in road sub-base layers, in accordance with DNIT standard 141/2022. It was concluded that the recycling and reuse of ceramic waste as aggregates proved to be viable and advantageous from an environmental point of view, since there is the possibility of applying this material in new engineering processes, reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills and also reducing the extraction of finite natural raw materials.

Environmental monitoring that involves biotic, climatological, or pedogenetic factors is a fundamental step in the process of protecting and conserving water resources. Developing a continuous environmental diagnosis in a given geographic region means understanding its current state and predicting the future quality of natural resources. Based on this, it is possible to produce a geochemical signature and estimate sustainable practices for ecological restoration, environmental improvement, socioeconomic opportunities, and the strengthening of political and social relations. In the agreste of Pernambuco, a region with considerable environmental vulnerability, there are municipalities with potential conditions for water supply support, such as the city of Jurema. Under this hypothesis, the present study aimed to propose a diagnosis capable of associating geochemical and environmental aspects of surface water, groundwater, soils, and sediments with strategies for the management, conservation, and recovery of water bodies, not only in the mentioned municipality but in the entire geographic region in which it is located. The research was initially developed with information on soils and sediments contained in publicly accessible databases and the literature. Subsequently, field samples of the same materials, including water, were collected, following a pre-established and georeferenced planning sequence of points. The integration of the databases occurred through suites of multivariate statistical applications, whose method was capable of analyzing the relationship between two or more data sets, in addition to establishing the interdependence between hidden variables. Digital maps were produced using geoprocessing and remote sensing tools in applications that employ methodologies such as kriging in the interpolation of sampling points to compose isoconcentration curves. The initial results show a broad macro aspect, taking the Rio Una watershed as a reference, where its chemical signature revealed positive characteristics regarding the environmental conservation state of the soil, indicating specific regions with possible sources of anthropogenic contribution. The digital maps allowed for the establishment of a geochemical relationship between the elements Hafnium and Aluminum (Hf/Al). This made it possible to attest that the area's behavior is directly influenced by the region's climatological conditions. For the results of surface and groundwater, which aimed to evaluate their potential for supply in areas with water scarcity, using physical-chemical parameters such as pH and electrical conductivity (CE), they indicated high levels (10,110 μS/cm) in artesian wells, possibly due to natural contributions of geological and/or pedogenetic origin. In contrast, the springs showed low CE values (82.2 μS/cm) and pH within the parameters established by current legislation. Finally, the results of the chemical analyses of the spring sediments showed points with anomalies in heavy metals (As, Cu, Pb, and Zn) above quality reference levels, indicating environments with a risk to human health. The study demonstrated that the proposed methodologies for environmental monitoring, using geostatistical and chemometric interpolation, enable the achievement of satisfactory results and allow reliable inferences about the investigated parameters.

The sugarcane cultivation, one of the main agricultural products in Brazil, has great socio economic importance, especially in the state of Alagoas. Soil management is crucial for agricultural sustainability and productivity, directly impacting soil attributes. In this context, the objective of the research was to analyze the effects of agricultural management practices on the soil attributes under sugarcane cultivation. The research was carried out in areas in the Coastal Tablelands region of Alagoas, with different times of vinasse application and harvesting practices (manual and mechanized). To this end, four profiles were opened: P1, under sugarcane cultivation, with vinasse application for 80 years, and mechanized harvesting; P2, sugarcane cultivation, with application of vinasse for one year, and mechanized harvesting; P3, sugarcane cultivation, without application of vinasse, and manual harvesting; P4, native forest. In each profile, in the first four horizons, six undeformed samples were collected via volumetric core (≅100 cm3), in addition to deformed samples. In cores samples, the following attributes were determined: Ksat; total porosity and pore classes; retention curve; available water; soil bulk density. The deformed samples (TFSA) were used for the physical (particle size analysis, particle density) and chemical (pH, assortative complex, cation exchange capacity - CEC, OM) characterization of the soils. During sampling, infiltration tests were also carried out via Beerkan. Chemical analyzes reveal that the soils in areas cultivated with vinasse application (P1 and P2) have higher levels of fertility, with high levels of potassium and phosphorus, in addition to high CEC. Liming contributed to neutralizing soil acidity and reducing aluminum saturation, improving the availability of essential nutrients. Physical analysis indicated that cultivated soils have a more compacted structure, especially in profiles subjected to mechanized harvesting (P1 and P2), which can affect porosity and water infiltration. In these profiles, soil compaction, resulting from heavy machinery traffic, is more evident in the first horizons, negatively impacting Ksat and water storage capacity. The Ksat, determined by laboratory and field tests (Beerkan), was significantly lower in the areas under cultivation compared to the forest. Sustainable management practices are essential to maintain the long-term viability of sugarcane cultivation areas, promoting soil conservation and maintaining productivity. These findings provide a solid basis for agricultural management recommendations that balance productivity with environmental sustainability, highlighting the importance of integrated strategies that consider soil conservation and efficiency in the use of inputs.

The Suape Industrial Port Complex (CIPS) is made up of a set of infrastructures and industries for development, production and commercial flow that are a reference in the state of Pernambuco due to their economic potential. Within its region, there are several areas, including: Economic Development Macrozone – MADE and Environmental and Sociocultural Protection Macrozone – MAAS, the latter containing the Ecological Preservation Zone - ZPEC, which includes an abundance of springs surveyed through the Suape Springs Project in 2018. Springs are important water bodies for maintaining ecological balance. In the area of influence of Suape, the predominance of springs, components of the Algodoais Stream Microbacteria, has an important social, environmental and economic vision, since it represents a means of obtaining water for multiple uses and its environmental quality must be evaluated. Quantitative and qualitative parameters were analyzed and compared with legislation and scientific publications, in search of a general understanding of the current situation of the area of interest. Four strategic points were selected, located in the municipalities of Ipojuca and Cabo de Santo Agostinho, in the state of Pernambuco, with volumetric flow measurement and water sampling collection over a period of 06 campaigns with monthly frequency. The collected samples underwent laboratory analysis to obtain data on dissolved oxygen, thermotolerant coliforms, hydrogen potential (pH), biochemical oxygen demand, temperature, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, turbidity and total residue, which make up the technical report of the Water Quality Index (WQI). From the bibliometric review, the relevance of research on this topic, which has still been little explored in Brazil in the last 5 years, is obtained. Regarding land use and occupation, through geoprocessing and remote sensing, from 2002 to 2022, it is proven that the Suape territory is constantly advancing urbanized areas and reducing the class of water bodies, which reflects the possibility of compromising natural resources. The quantitative evaluation, with the IQA and the Spring Impact Index (IIAN), allowed the classification of the four points with release characteristics due to the presence of thermotolerant coliforms in all samples presented, framed in ranges that do not allow use for human consumption. Multivariate statistics were used as a tool for processing the analyzed data and the flow measured in the field, seeking novelties and characterization of the variables, parameters and related properties, which helped in the deduction of several environmental issues and, in the end, suggesting a model for management and environmental monitoring of springs, to maintain both their quality and their availability, with a view to rational use. Finally, it was possible to promote a review and consolidation of the quantitative, qualitative and spatial analysis methods of the springs of interest, generating a collection of fundamental data for the management of these water resources and for making important decisions for all interested parties.

The physical processes of soil erosion understanding are essential to control its occurrence. Therefore, rill erosion has been recognized as an environmental issue due to anthropic use that can decrease soil health. Therefore, were pre-formed rills erosion in an Ultisol under Sugar Cane use, in which increasing flow levels from 20, 40, 60, and 75 L.min^-1, objecting the flow hydraulics and the resistance parameters of critical shear stress (τ_cr) and rill erodibility (K_r). The applied flow produced turbulent and subcritical flows featuring a hydrodynamic condition common in rill erosion. The increasing flow levels applied generated increasing radius hydraulics responsible for detachment rates in rills to 8.75 Pa of critical shear stress (τ_cr) and 0.0007 kg m^-2 s^-1 for rill erodibility (K_r) from this Ultisol.

Understanding hydrological processes is fundamental in environmental studies, although little is known about the interactions between vegetation and soils in a watershed with hydrological regimes in Brazilian semi-arid environments. The present work proposed to apply and measure the performance of different methods of hydrological modeling (Number Curve, Rational Method, Modified Rational, I Pai Wu and the TR-55) in three sub-basins inserted in the Upper and Middle Pajeú regions, being the Riacho Exú, Riacho Cachoeira and Riacho Jacu basins. The actual flows considered were obtained through measurement campaigns, carried out in 2009 and extrapolated through theoretical models of Probability. The input data for the models were obtained through the analysis of vegetation cover (presence and use) and soil (occupation and use), carried out from secondary data and geoprocessing techniques. The five models used were tested respecting the recommendations inherent to the intrinsic particularities of each one of them. The statistical distribution that best allowed the extrapolation of the observed data were the Gama model was the one that best adjusted to the data from the Exú stream basins (r=0.99; χ²=20.071) and Cachoeira (r=0.982; χ²=0.058), and the Log-Normal obtained a better fit for the Jacú stream basin (r=0.968; χ²=0.045). The error and efficiency metrics indicated that for the Exú stream basin, the curve number moledo presented a better fit and a smaller error (NS=0,997 e MPE=-0,871). For the Cachoeira stream basin, the most appropriate modeling was due to the Modified Rational model (NS= 0,995 e MPE=-1,067). The Jacú, in turn, presented a more adjusted modeling for the Racional model (NS=0,993 e MPE=-1,247). The performance evaluations indicated that the more traditionally disseminated modeling (Number Curve and the Rational Method) presented more consistent results, highlighting that the present work contributed to the deepening of the knowledge of the existing hydrological characteristics in the Pajeú microbasins, as well as in the definition of the methods more suitable for the application of hydrological models in semi-arid environments, collaborating with the development of soil and water conservation techniques.

The state of Pernambuco is considered one of the largest textile industrial centers in the country. Among the cities that are part of this Local Productive Arrangement (APL) of Agreste Pernambucano stand out: Caruaru, Toritama and Santa Cruz do Capibaribe. In this sense, the present study aims to chemically characterize the sludge from several laundries in Caruaru for application in several APL in the State from Pernambuco. More specifically, to promote environmental, municipal and state, in addition to interested companies, the levels of concentration of compounds organic and inorganic compounds present in the sludge. Initially, the collection of 11samples of sludge deposited directly from the effluent treatment stations of the Laundries in Caruaru. The material was stored and prepared in the Laboratory of Medicines, Technologies, Energies and Environmental Solutions at UFRPE, where he was pH and organic matter analyzes were carried out. Subsequently, the samples were prepared to carry out chemical analysis of the sludge in the GEOSOL laboratory, using the technique (ICP/OES). From the analyzed data, satisfactory results were obtained for application of sludge with fertilizer fertilizer in APL crops in the region.

Introduction: Climate change causes extreme water events, such as floods. Watersheds may be more susceptible tothe occurrence of these events depending on their climatic, hydrological, geological, morphometric and anthropiccharacteristics. To identify the factors that influence the susceptibility of the basins, geoprocessing tools can be used.Objective: In view of this, the present work proposes to analyze, through the determination of morphometricparameters, the susceptibility to the occurrence of floods in the hydrographic basin of the river Una, located in thestate of Pernambuco, Brazil. Methodology: It is intended to use the QGis software version 3.16, in addition tonumerical equations, to determine the geometric, drainage and relief parameters and perform the characterization ofeach sub-basin of the Una river basin. Results: It was observed that the basin has medium to high susceptibility toflooding, and this result is influenced by all morphometric parameters of each sub-basin. Conclusion: Themethodology presents itself efficiently, presenting results that can be used as public management tools in decision-making on preventive and mitigating measures against socio-environmental and economic damage caused by floodsin watersheds.

Soils affected by salts is one of the main threats of soil degradation occurring worldwide, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This study evaluates the feasibility of identifying salinized areas in different soil salinity classes using spectral indices in the Pajeú river basin, in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil in the state of Pernambuco. Fifteen spectral indices that encompassed vegetation and soil salinity indices were extracted from Landsat 8 satellite images. Statistical analyzes performed were based on descriptive statistics and second-order polynomial regression (p < 0.05) between Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soil and the spectral reflectances of the indices. The study area was dominated by non-saline areas. Statistical correlation between EC field measurements and spectral indices showed variable results for each assessed salinity class. However, the Vegetation Soil Salinity Index (VSSI) which is used to discriminate between soil and vegetation stress provided correlation with EC across all salinity classes being considered to predict areas affected by salts across the watershed. The regression model considered obtained predictions resulting in a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0,70 and a mean squared error (RMSE) of 3,33. The use of this spectral index to assess soil salinity proved to be an interesting option to be considered in soil monitoring programs. However, further research is needed to improve the watershed level salinity assessment model. Finally, the efficiency of using remote sensing, followed by site observations, is outlined as a powerful tool in detecting areas affected by salts.

Textile sludge is the solid waste produced in the jeans beneficiation process in industrial laundries, and can be defined as a material of varied composition and high moisture. This residue consists in flocculated particles from liquid effluents and impurities carried by fabrics, from the production, cutting and sewing stages. The environmental impacts caused by textile sludge have the potential to pollute soil and water, due to its contamination with chemicals remaining from products applied to jeans. The present study aims to analyze the behavior of Portland cement mortars incorporated with alternative fine aggregate (sludge) in partial replacement at levels of 0, 10 %, 20 % and 25 % (ALT-0, ALT-10, ALT-20 and ALT-25) to conventional aggregate (natural sand), seeking a sustainable destination for this material. The research program started from the collection of secondary data, with a bibliometric analysis carried out using the PRISMA methodology, focused on the application of textile sludge in construction materials. The proportion used for molding the mortars was 1:1:6, in cement, lime and sand, and the sample set contains prismatic and cylindrical test specimens. Simultaneously with molding, fresh state tests were performed on mortars, while tests in the hardened state occurred after a curing period of 28-day, to which the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to assess whether there were significant changes in these properties. Textile sludge had an average water content of 68.9 %, organic matter content of 3.33 % and granulometric curve classified as optimal zone for fine aggregate; chemical composition indicated the presence of calcium, silicon, magnesium and aluminum and the XDR test identified the material as amorphous. The specific mass of treated sludge represented 61.6 % of natural sand. Mortars with textile sludge showed a significant decrease in mass density and compressive strength. As for capillary absorption, mortar with 20 % sludge presented the best result, with reduction of 87.80 %, compared to reference mortar. Standard mortar and ALT-20 mortar have statistically equal tensile strength, presenting the possibility for application in coatings for internal and external walls and ceilings. Mortars with sludge incorporation have potential for application in construction, specially ALT-20 mix. The feasibility analysis indicated decrease of 23.18 % in the cost of mortar production with 20 % of sludge to the reference mixture, in addition to reducing CO2 emissions by 31.40 % from the production and transport of the fine aggregate.

According to the UN, the world population has progressed in the coming years, with the forecast of reaching 10.87 billion people in the year 2100. As a result of this increase, it is necessary to build new housing and commercial units, as well as an extension of the existing infrastructure. Therefore, more and more demands will be placed on the environment, sometimes in the extraction of mineral resources, sometimes in the disposal of waste from the construction and demolition process. Due to this, various sectors of society are mobilizing to proportions that aim to mitigate these impacts. One of these solutions is the promotion of the circular economy in the construction industry, which seeks to use the waste needed by the industry itself as raw material in new buildings. In addition to reducing the extraction of mineral resources, this solution can also reduce waste disposal, as well as providing a financial gain to the process. This gain can be reversed in income generation for populations in social vulnerability. Given the above problem, this dissertation aims to analyze an existing bibliography, as well as to analyze the data collected in five neighborhoods in the city of Recife, classified as an area with social vulnerability, for technical-economically viable proportions that aim to provide the use of construction and demolition waste, generated by these communities, to provide income generation and the supply of construction materials at an affordable price.

The relationships between the bedload sediment flux, which is associated with the shear stress of the main channel, and the suspended sediment flux in a watershed can be understood through soil resistance, known as erodibility. In this context, soil erodibility plays a crucial role in determining sediment transport within the watershed, directly affecting the movement of sediments from slopes to the drainage network. However, the link between bedload sediment and suspended sediment flux, which enters the main channel through lateral sediment flow, still needs further understanding. To address this issue, studies were conducted in two semiarid and one coastal watershed in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, where data on bedload and suspended sediment transport, soil characteristics, and hydrological data. The concept of hydro-sedimentological connectivity was used to assess the lateral sediment transport from slopes, quantified through the Connectivity Index (IC), a geomorphometric index that considers topography and provides a pixel-based representation of the degree of connection between different parts of the watershed. To represent the resistance to flow and lateral discharge of suspended sediments, the Curve Number parameter was used, which reflected the soil resistance and its hydrological group, allowing for an estimation of soil erodibility in the evaluated watersheds. IC values were obtained by spatializing the data into thematic maps and indicated that regions with higher connectivity values are those closer to the watershed's headwaters in both studied watersheds. The Curve Number was identified as an appropriate parameter to represent hydro-sedimentological lateral connectivity in the evaluated watersheds in this study, as it showed a direct relationship with suspended sediment concentration. Thus, the suspended sediment load from slopes was added to the bedload sediment load, allowing the determination of soil erodibility values for the studied watersheds. The erodibility values were determined through linear regression analysis between the total sediment discharge and the flow shear stress, resulting in values of 0.0009 kg.N-1.s-1 for the Jacu Creek watershed, 0.0015 kg.N-1.s-1 for the Exu Creek watershed, and 7.93x10-8 kg.N-1.s-1 for the Beberibe River watershed, with corresponding critical shear stress values of 5.22 Pa, 13.27 Pa, and 91.55 Pa, respectively. The results indicate that the semiarid watersheds, which are naturally less evolved pedogenetically compared to the coastal watershed, are more susceptible to water erosion. The presented results, along with the Connectivity Index maps, provide support for decision-making regarding water resource management and sustainable development of the studied watersheds. This information allows for the implementation of specific strategic measures in localized areas to mitigate the effects of water erosion, directing effective actions to protect and preserve water resources, and promoting more appropriate and sustainable soil management and conservation practices.

The accelerated growth of the world population, join with the increasing volume of sanitary sewage produced, and at the same time being dumped in water resources and in the soil, with or no treatment, has been contributing to the degradation of the environment and causing serious environmental and social problems. In this sense, the growing search for environmental sanitation solutions and sewage treatment technologies is a fundamental part of the process of recovering and maintaining the quality of the population life and the environment. In Pernambuco, the Ipojuca River Environmental Sanitation Program was conceived with the aim of promoting environmental sanitation in the basin of de river, based on the implementation of sanitary sewage systems, expansion of the coverage of existing systems and improvement in sewage treatment rates, with the aim of improve environmental quality and increase the availability of good quality water. This work aims to evaluate the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters of Sewage Treatment Stations (Tacaimbó, Rendeiras and Gravatá) under the analysis of multivariate statistics with application of computational tool. The analyzed parameters were provided by COMPESA, all samples were collected in the year 2020, in each months of the year. The results of the analyzes were compared to the values recommended by current environmental legislation at the federal and state levels. By analyzing the descriptive statistics, it is concluded that the ETE Rendeiras in some periods of the year presents satisfactory operation in the removal of organic matter. The other stations require adaptations in the treatment to comply with current environmental legislation. Through multivariate statistics, it was possible to conclude that the greatest variation in the data is related to the parameters that represent pollution (organic matter). This fact may either represent flaws in collection and storage procedures, or inefficient operation at certain times of the year.

The scarcity of water suitable for human consumption is the biggest environmental problem that humanity will face in the very near future. A large-scale production process of dew water can become an alternative to minimize this problem, mainly because it is a process free of solid and liquid waste generation during production. The enormous challenge for the construction of this sustainable process is the knowledge of the dew temperature and the domain of the required energy. This research work provides data for designing dew water production equipment with low energy consumption and data for projects using photovoltaic energy. The research was developed with the construction of an operational prototype equipment powered by photovoltaic energy to cool the air until it reaches the dew temperature and forms water in the liquid state, allowing a deep mastery of the process variables and the meteorological variables that govern the phenomenon of the dew. An intelligent device was developed in Python programming language capable of measuring, recording meteorological variables and calculating the energy required to dew in real time in any location where it is installed. As results, we present the required energy measurement system, an automation system, the best months of the year 2020 for the production of dew water with environmental sustainability and the best times for the use of photovoltaic energy in municipalities of Pernambuco.

The soil impermeability and inadequate drainage are the main factors for flood events in urban areas. This study evaluates methods for positioning stormwater inlets in a parking lot, comparing flow parameters and capture capacity. The objective of the research is to assess the application of methodologies capable of determining the positioning of stormwater inlets in a real-scale parking lot through a comparative analysis of surface flow parameters and the capture capacity of the stormwater drainage devices in public roads. The analysis is based on existing guidelines, aiming for a better understanding and practical applicability.The study was conducted in the parking lot of the Prof. Vasconcelos Sobrinho Building - CEAGRI II, located on the Dois Irmãos campus of UFRPE in Recife. During rainy periods, half of the parking lot area becomes flooded, causing difficulties for the users. A topographic survey was carried out to obtain detailed information about the terrain of the parking lot. This information was recorded and allows for a precise analysis of the terrain.Three methodologies were used to determine the positioning of stormwater inlets in the parking lot. The first methodology was based on the guidelines of the Municipal Department of Urban Development (SMDU) of São Paulo, considering the spacing between stormwater inlets according to the maximum width of flow in the gutter. The second methodology was based on Urban Drainage (UD), where the spacing between stormwater inlets should be sufficient to ensure that the flow in the public road is less than the width allowed for pedestrians. The third methodology was based on standardization studies of microdrainage design in the municipality of Santo André - SP.
The research contributes to the knowledge of urban drainage and provides applicable guidelines for other projects, promoting more efficient management of stormwater and making cities more resilient and sustainable.

The generation of solid waste has been presented as a worldwide problem, because the volumegenerated gradually accompanies the increase in the population of the planet. This fact becomeseven more worrisome when evaluating countries such as Brazil, in which we still live with thereality of waste disposal in open air, without adequate treatment. In this way and considering thatthe various branches of activity have the generation of waste, as an environmental aspect inherentto their processes, it becomes relevant specific studies for the analysis of each scenario. Present ata global level, air transport is configured as an activity of economic, environmental and social relevance in all countries. Given this reality, it is important to analyze and know the generation andmanagement of solid waste at airports in the Brazilian territory, seeking to identify good practicesand existing projects, as well as opportunities for improvement. This study aims to contribute to the provision of data and presentation of a proposal of indicators for the analysis of solid wastemanagement in Brazilian airports of class IV, with the presentation of the practical application atthe International Airport of Viracopos – Campinas / SP, considering the legal basis of federalscope. For the research, secondary data were collected through a bibliographic survey, associatedwith this theme, in addition to the environmental legislation in force in Brazil. Also as a goal of thework, the characterization of the airport in which the proposal of indicators was applied wascarried out, with the data of volumetry and gravimetry of the residues, besides the development ofa bibliometric study for positioning the theme in the world scenario. It was possible to diagnosethat there are opportunities for the development of new studies associated with the elaboration ofindicators for the analysis of solid waste management at Brazilian airports. The application of theproposed indicators at Viracopos Airport allowed us to identify that the existing resources for solidwaste management are adequate and the implementation of specific actions can be improved.

The Textile Center of Agreste de Pernambuco stands out for its participation in the global market for garment processing carried out in industrial laundries located in the Local Productive Arrangement of Clothing. However, this sector still faces significant challenges regarding water consumption and the generation of effluents in its processes. Textile laundries are responsible for high water consumption and the production of contaminated effluents that have the potential to compromise environmental quality in the region. In this regard, appropriate measures for water management and strategies for controlling pollution from generated wastewater have become necessary to promote efficient water and effluent management in textile processing, as well as to favor environmental sustainability in the processes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate alternatives for optimizing water and effluent management and promoting environmental sustainability in laundries of the Textile Polo of Agreste de Pernambuco, based on a case study in the municipality of Caruaru-PE. To achieve this, the research was developed through actions that included evaluating water usage and effluent generation in the studied laundry, characterizing the waters used in washing and the effluents generated in production processes, investigating alternatives and possibilities for physicochemical treatment improvements of the effluents, and analyzing scenarios for implementing water reuse practices in the laundry's production process. Based on the results obtained in the study, the need to consider measures for conscious water consumption in laundries and the search for more efficient processes to reduce consumption and minimize environmental impacts related to the use of this resource were identified. The characterization of the effluents generated in the process revealed characteristics related to the presence of chemical compounds, high chemical oxygen demand, intense color, high electrical conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, and the presence of solids and metals. Regarding the effluent treatment carried out in the laundry, opportunities for improvements were identified concerning the treatment system in order to comply with regulatory requirements and achieve environmental quality. Additionally, possibilities favoring the implementation of water reuse throughout the laundry's production process were identified, including the use of wastewater generated in intermediate washing processes. However, it is important to note the need for further analysis for the selection of additional treatments and studies on modifications in effluent collection and transportation throughout the washing processes. Thus, the study highlighted important aspects for reducing environmental impacts in textile processing activities in the local context of laundries in the Textile Center of Pernambuco and for implementing a production with prospects of technical and environmental feasibility.

Air pollution is a long-standing issue, and the constant increase in demand for goods and services has led to a rise inair quality degradation, resulting in the creation of policies for pollution control and mitigation. Industrial and portemissions are significant contributors to the release of atmospheric pollutants, particularly when concentrated in thesame area, such as in Industrial Port Complexes. However, despite the widely known adverse effects, air qualitylegislation and monitoring in Brazil are still inadequate, especially in the North and Northeast regions of the country. Inthe entire state of Pernambuco, there are only five active air quality monitoring stations and one deactivated station,all located in the vicinity of the Suape Industrial Port Complex (SIPC). These issues highlight the need for alternativemonitoring approaches, such as the implementation of atmospheric modeling systems. Considering theaforementioned challenges, the objective of this study was to diagnose the air quality in the vicinity of SIPC andassess the use of an atmospheric model as an alternative for broader monitoring. To achieve this, data from fivepollutants (CO, PM10, NO2, O3, and SO2) were analyzed at five air quality monitoring stations (CPRH, Cupe, Gaibu,IFPE, and Ipojuca) located in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Pernambuco, between 2017 and 2021. To assesslocal air quality, the obtained concentrations were compared with the final standard (FS) established in ConamaResolution No. 491/2018. Meteorological data were also applied to identify the predominant wind directionsthroughout the study period and during instances when PFs were exceeded. Additionally, the Hysplit (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) atmospheric model was employed, using backward trajectory simulationsand cluster analysis to identify possible pollutant sources capable of generating the secondary pollutant O3. Based on the applied methods, it was observed that, in addition to the limited number of monitoring stations in the state, theprovided information is incomplete, and the majority of monitored concentrations did not exceed the FS. Among theinstances of FS exceedance (221 events), PM10 exceeded the limit the most (132 days). According to wind patterns,it is likely that the exceedances at all studied stations are related to industrial and port emissions from SIPC. Ozonewas another pollutant of concern, with 214 hourly moving averages above the FS. Through cluster analysis ofbackward trajectories, it was observed that 89% of air trajectories originated from the ocean, and 11% from the SIPCarea, potentially influenced by ship-emitted NOx and petrochemical-related VOCs. Based on the obtained results, itcan be concluded that both industrial and port activities conducted at SIPC are significant potential sources of airpollution.

Technological advancement has been driving a significant increase in the consumption of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), which, at the end of their useful life, are considered hazardous waste due to the presence of toxic substances in their composition. When the management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is inadequate, it poses a great risk to health and the environment. Therefore, proper and efficient management of WEEE is essential for reducing the environmental impacts related to the generation of this waste. Among the large generators of waste are Federal Institutions of Higher Education (IFES), whose WEEE management is complex, due to the rules and regulations on asset management. This research aimed to identify the WEEE management practices at the Dois Irmãos campus of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), based on the asset management processes of IT goods (computers, video monitors and notebooks). For this, the methodology comprises an exploratory research, based on a case study, divided into five stages: bibliographic research, identification of WEEE management practices in higher education institutions, characterization of the study area, survey of asset management practices and investigation of the institution's WEEE practices. In order to understand the reality of WEEE management at UFRPE, environmental management instruments, aspects related to the management of the EEE life cycle and WEEE management practices were investigated, based on the mapping of asset management practices. Based on a qualitative and quantitative survey, the number of IT goods purchased and the average age of the equipment were identified, using data from the institution's asset control system. From 2010 to 2020, 9,780 IT goods were acquired, the equivalent to 79.4% of the total data processing equipment of UFRPE’s assets. Of the total existing computer equipment, 13.3% were in the unusable goods warehouse, awaiting proper final disposal. The overall average age of the equipment was 8.2 years, 1.6 times above the expected useful life of 5 years, highlighting the potential for WEEE generation. It was identified that the management encounters obstacles in the screening stage, due to limitations in the evaluation and classification process for disposal, influenced by low team availability, high quantity of goods and lack of adequate infrastructure. Given these limitations, the main destination given to unusable goods is accumulation in the warehouse. The results showed that WEEE management practices are directly related to the efficiency of asset management processes. In view of the above, it is of the utmost importance that strategies be adopted involving improvements in infrastructure for carrying out asset management and WEEE management activities, as well as creating institutional policies that encourage environmental awareness and the implementing efficient and sustainable practices based on the principles of the circular economy, so that the institution could fulfill its role as a promoter of sustainability through its actions.

Environmental management is a fundamental and necessary tool for reducing impacts linked to localactivities and enterprise. Although environmental management is deficient in many Brazilianmunicipalities, it is necessary and essential to improve the relationship between society and theenvironment. The National Environmental System gives municipalities the responsibility to legislate with a local focus on improving environmental quality and managing environmental impacts, allowing thisentity to develop and implement integrated environmental management systems. The implementation ofmunicipal environmental systems for small and medium-sized municipalities provides integrationbetween current legislation, local environmental management and local sustainable developmentresulting in the management of natural resources and reduction of local impacts effectively andefficiently. This study aims to develop a strategic plan for the structuring of municipal environmentalsystems in small and medium-sized municipalities, aiming to subsidize local environmental management.To carry out this study, a bibliometric survey was carried out, focusing on understanding the art of thesubject, followed by scientometric analysis. Then, a SWOT analysis was carried out in the four small andmedium-sized municipalities, through the application of a questionnaire, identifying the strengths andweaknesses, as opportunities and threats of local management. Subsequently, the GUT Matrix was usedto prioritize actions for strategic planning and the development of strategies aimed at creating theproposed plan. This study resulted in the preparation of articles for publication in national journals andevents, and in an explanatory strategic plan for the implementation of municipal environmental systemsfor small and medium-sized municipalities, enabling local management in an effective, efficient andeffective way.

Population growth, especially in urban centers, has led to a significant increase in the fleet of vehicles, which results in higher emissions of pollutants in the air, affecting the health of the population and the environment. In this first case, about 4.2 million deaths are estimated to occur as a result of air pollution per year. Added to this are the destructive impacts on the ecosystem, which contribute to global warming. Thus, vehicular emissions are identified as one of the main sources of air pollution in urbanized regions. The objective of this investigation was to quantify and simulate the dispersion of air pollution resulting from atmospheric emissions in points of high vehicular traffic on Av. Agamenon Magalhães, Recife, Pernambuco, in a previously selected period, through mathematical modeling, using HYSPLIT. For this, the inventory of vehicular emissions was carried out in 2021, which sought to quantify and analyze the emissions of air pollutants from motor vehicles, providing a solid information basis for possible decision-making related to pollution control. From the HYSPLIT model, simulations of the atmospheric dispersions of vehicular emissions were made, in order to identify the areas with the highest concentrations and evaluate the air quality, in addition to observing the air trajectories from the point of emissions. The results, obtained throughout the investigation, offer important data for the understanding of vehicular emissions and their relationship with air quality, as well as possibilities for reflection on the use of strategies for pollution control. In this context, an increase of approximately 216% in the number of vehicles in Recife was observed over 30 years (1991-2021). In the year 2021, light vehicles (automobiles) accounted for 57.12% of Recife's total fleet and played a significant role in CO and CO2 emissions. Notably, during the weekends (Saturday and Sunday), an average reduction of 27% in pollutant emissions was observed. In addition, through the modeling performed, it was possible to identify the most impacted areas, covering up to 10 km of radius from the emission points. Neighborhoods such as Espinheiro, Encruzilhada and Alto José Bonifácio stood out as affected areas. Regarding the effects on human health, the evaluations remained in accordance with the standards established by Conama 491/2018. Simulations of air trajectories revealed that 83% of wind currents leave Southeast, while only 17% leave Northeast. This suggests the need to consider location as an essential variable for a future monitoring station installation in Recife in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of air quality in the region. In summary, this research not only outlined possible guidelines for future investigations on air pollution, taking into account population growth and urbanization, but also contributed to the reflection of future scenarios. In addition, it offered subsidies for a possible consideration of sustainable urban planning strategies, promoting more conscious and effective approaches to urban development.

The accelerated growth of the urban population and industrialization is causing an imminent pressure on water resources in the environmental protection capacity of many cities. In the arid and semi-arid regions in the Brazilian Northeast this phenomenon has intensified, as they are considered regions where water is poorly distributed, with low availability and high waste. The objective of this work is to evaluate the potential for agricultural reuse through the quantification of sewage produced and treated in the municipality of Tacaimbó - PE. To this end, local productive planning is analyzed so that wastewater has an alternative destination, aiming to reduce water problems faced with the waste observed in water management, with emphasis on agricultural practices as a way to remedy them in a viable solution. This study was developed through bibliometric, bibliographic and documentary research. The supply, collection, systematization and interpretation of data took place under the supervision of technicians from Companhia Pernambucana de Saneamento (COMPESA) after technical visits to verify the existence of irrigation activities in some type of cultivation with post-treatment water. The databases of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) SOLOS and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) were also used. Therefore, with the information survey, an estimate was made based on 3 percentages of irrigation application efficiency, being 50% for an area of 6.51 ha and 38.57 ha; 70% for an area of 9.11 ha and 54.14 ha; and 85% for an area of 11.06 ha and 65.74 ha. With the research it was possible to conclude that, when prioritizing an irrigation method with greater application efficiency, significantly better results are obtained with the minimum flow rate in the WWTP (19.35 l/s) and the values of the minimum and maximum irrigated areas will be 11.06 ha and 65.74 ha, respectively; while for the maximum flow rate in the WWTP (33.03 l/s), the minimum and maximum irrigated areas will be 18.88 ha and 112.22 ha, respectively. The proposed solution has great sustainable potential, changing little the characteristics of the site, producing an effluent according to the requirement of the receiving body and providing the feasibility of reuse in the agricultural area for the municipality.

The expansion of the sugarcane agro-industrial sector has intensified the use of pesticides in order to inhibit the action of pests, diseases and weeds in agricultural species. In view of this scenario, the use of the herbicide Imazapic in the cultivation of sugarcane for the control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) has caused environmental impacts due to its solubility in water and high half-life, thus enhancing its leaching. As an effect of the interaction and mobility of the contaminants, there is the contamination of the soil, surface and underground water, in addition to the harm attributed to human health. The present work aimed to evaluate the transport and interaction of Imazapic in a dystrophic Yellow Argisol under the addition of biochar at the ideal depth of action of the molecule, which for this study will be the 0-20 cm layer. Tests of the interaction and mobility of the Imazapic molecule were carried out in soil columns with the addition of biochar from sugarcane bagasse, obtained at a temperature of 500ºC (BC500). Then, the use of mathematical models of Convection-Dispersion (CDE) and Convection-Dispersion at two sorption sites (CDE-2S) using the CXTFIT 2.0 program. Thus, it was possible to verify that the addition of biochar to the soil was able to reduce the transport of Imazapic to the deeper layers of the soil.

Water resources are increasingly being degraded and, together with this, public policies for water supply are driving the emergence of techniques that help in solving the water crisis. For the eligibility of some of these techniques, the study of the hyporheic zone of a river, for example, is essential to understand ecological aspects that influence the attenuation of contaminants, such as benthic organisms, also known as meiofauna, which inhabit the sedimentary interstice and collaborate in the water purification process. The hyporheic environment is the interface between the surface and subterranean environment, and its study is of fundamental importance in order to relate the meiofauna and its ecology, such as sedimentary preferences and distribution models, thus showing their diversity and abundance. The present work aimed to characterize the organisms of the hyporheic meiofauna and verify significant differences in their distribution between the period, point and depth factors. Sediments were collected in three replicates, in the dry and rainy periods, using a sampler subdivided into depths from 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm. Meiofauna organisms and deformed sediment samples were collected. Two sampling points were selected in different stretches of the Beberibe River in Pernambuco. Ponto 1 is located in an area with remnants of Mata Atlântica, while Ponto 2 is in a highly urbanized region. Abiotic parameters such as pH, temperature and salinity were also measured. A soil granulometric characterization, identification of organisms and diversity tests were carried out in order to understand the distribution of meiofauna. A bibliometric analysis was also carried out in order to demonstrate the little that has been published around the world about these freshwater benthic organisms. For this analysis, a bibliographic survey was carried out from the Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS databases, using the keywords "Meiofauna", "Meiobentos", "Hyperrheic Zone" and "Freshwater". The community structure results were presented through divisive hierarchical clusters using the Bray-Curtis distance, Ward clustering method and the ANOSIM test for clustering strength and significance. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to visualize the contribution of abiotic variables to the factors tested. 1, 2 and 3-way PERMANOVAs were also carried out, relating environmental variables and the climatic period and sampling point factors. The confidence interval adopted was 95% (p < 0.05). The results of the bibliometric analysis showed a total number of 28 documents concentrated mainly in Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States. The results regarding the structure of the meiofaunistic community showed that the composition of organisms varied significantly in the spaces (Point 1 and Point 2) and times (dry and rainy season) analyzed (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was seen for the depth factor (p > 0.05). 

Sugarcane is one of the main crops in the Brazilian economy and the productivity is related to the production environment. However, this environment has been frequently changed, due to the intense use of heavy machinery that promotes soil compaction and, consequently, the degradation of physical conditions. This degradation has been evaluated using some soil physical attributes, with greater emphasis on soil penetration resistance (PR). However, there are doubts about the type of test and the methodological limits that can be used to better diagnose the structural quality of soils. Thus, this study aimed to use PR to diagnose structural changes in soils cultivated with sugarcane, from field and laboratory methods, comparing their results as a function of soil moisture and its influence on the critical of soil resistance to root penetration value (2 MPa), defining the relationships between field and laboratory methods. Therefore, at the Carpina Sugarcane Experimental Station, located in the Zona da Mata region of Pernambuco, three sub-areas were selected based on the classification of soils and textural classes to determinate PR in situ by field penetrometer, associated with the respective soil moisture. At the same time, soil samples with preserved structure (volumetric cores @100 cm³) were collected for the PR tests in the laboratory, via an electronic benchtop penetrometer. The data obtained by the PR tests (field and laboratory) were used to generate the equations for estimating the PR, using physical-hydric attributes to evaluate their influence on the PR values. Thus, the following attributes were determined: particle size distribution (hydrometer method); bulk density (volumetric cylinder); total porosity (saturation) and pore size distribution (tension table); saturated hydraulic conductivity (constant load permeameter), in addition to gravimetric and volumetric soil water content. The results showed that PR values, both in field and laboratory, are useful for diagnosing degraded areas. The equations for RP simulation are efficient to estimate degrees of degradation of the studied soils. The sand and clay, macropores and Ksat were the attributes that presented the highest correlations with the results.

Islands cover about 3% of the Earth's surface, presenting particular biotic and abiotic characteristics, such as less complex ecosystem mechanisms and a high rate of endemism, which results in high environmental vulnerability. Invasive exotic species benefit from this fragility, establishing an advantage over native species, dominating the environment in which it was inserted with greater efficiency, causing significant damage to local biodiversity. In this sense, the Brazilian Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha presents a picture of invasion by Leucena leucocephala [Lam.] De Wit., a legume with high adaptive potential, classified among the 100 most aggressive invasive species on the planet. For this reason, it´s necessary to elaborate studies that aim to elucidate the academic gaps around this problem. Thus, this work aims to help improve environmental quality, through the identification of ways to control the invasive floristic species L. leucocephala in the restinga of Baia de Sueste, in the National Marine Park of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago - PE (Brazil). This study is organized into four chapters: Chapter 1 – Bibliometric and scientometric integrative systematic review, with the objective of mapping the scientific development of the control of invasive floristic species in insular environments, on a 10-year timescale; Chapter 2 – Evaluation of the native species Erythrina velutina, submitting it to pre-established parameters in order to classify it as a bioindicator of environmental quality and a tool for analyzing the impacts caused by the invasion of the exotic species L. leucocephala; Chapter 3 – Quantitative analysis of floristic biodiversity in the restinga of Baía de Sueste, Fernando de Noronha – PE, in order to understand the mechanisms that facilitate the invasions and propagation of invasive exotic species; Chapter 4 – Assessment of international agreements and national Public Policies related to the control of invasive species such as L. leucocephala, trying to understand how Brazilian environmental laws regulate this issue, since this species is one of the most aggressive invasive species in the world. The results showed that there is a global concern with the theme, expressed by the increase in the number of publications, however, the need for studies that evaluate control techniques is evident. Regarding bioindication, Erythrina velutina was classified as an optimal bioindicator for environments invaded by L. leucocephala, demonstrating negative sensitivity to the effects of the exotic. The application of Shannon-Weaver diversity indices (H') and Pielou's Equity index (J) revealed a high level of dominance by the exotic in Sueste Bay. With regard to public policies, it is necessary to create more comprehensive legislation, in order to encompass from invasive species to those with a high potential for invasion, in order to facilitate decision-making in the sense of establishing control practices, monitoring and combating invasives. It is understood that the study of weeds must take place in scientific research, so that ways of controlling or combating such an impact on local biodiversity can be identified.

In December 2019, the world was surprised by a new disease that had its epicenter in the Chinese city of Wuhan and quickly spread to several Asian countries. The World Health Organization declared the new disease a pandemic in March 2020, calling it novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, or Covid-19. Currently, it has reached more than 200 countries on all continents, causing a strong negative impact on the environment, due to the generation of high-risk contaminating biological waste from hospitals, institutions and homes with a high potential for transmission between humans. Given the possibility of transmission of the new pathogen, this scientific research aims to establish an index based on indicators of efficiency, effectiveness, legality and health and environmental safety for the escalation of institutional protocols in the prevention of Covid-19 and other pathogens. Bibliographic/documentary research was carried out, analyzing protocols and bibliometric and scientometric studies were developed. With this, indicators were scored and a logic of sanitary and environmental quality was developed, a method tested in 12 protocols of the government of the state of Pernambuco. The work was structured in three chapters. In chapter I, the progress of scientific research focused on the thematic axis, Covid-19, solid waste and the environment was evaluated through a bibliometric and scientometric study. It was found that from 2021, there was an increase in scientific work related to the pandemic, but the management of solid waste has received little attention from academic studies. In chapter II, the research showed how the pandemic affected all continents in the environmental area, especially in relation to the management of solid waste, in addition to the impacts caused in the social and economic areas, concluding that the SARS-CoV-2 has crossed the borders of all continents, changing the world routine. Chapter III presents a methodological proposal for analyzing the health and environmental safety of protocols in the context of Covid-19, tested in documents developed by the state of Pernambuco. It was found that the administrative and management initiatives of these presented gaps in the management of recyclable waste, creating the possibility of transmission of Covid-19 through the technological route, being classified with the low index. Initiatives relevant to the integrated management and technological routes of solid waste must encompass all stages and aspects of these processes. Especially in times of a pandemic, such a precept must observe the implementation of health protocols aimed at controlling the transmission of Covid-19. The environmentally appropriate disposal of waste must comply with the National Solid Waste Policy, as this is a shared responsibility and, if carried out incorrectly, can result in negative impacts on the environment and public health, mainly. Further studies on the subject are recommended.

Textile industries are considered one of the major responsible for water pollution, and emission of odor-causing gases, in addition to consuming high volumes of water. This problem is aggravated in the semi-arid region of the state of PE, which has a great scarcity of water resources. In the Local Productive Arrangement (LPA) effluents with high rates of organic matter are generated, responsible for the high odor content in the atmospheric air, mainly due to anaerobic decomposition generating nitrogen and sulfur compounds. These odorant gases are composed of a mixture where one of the main substances is hydrogen sulfide (H2S), highly toxic and corrosive. This work was carried out in two stages, in the first, the simulation of the dispersion of H2S in the laundry was carried out using the AERMOD software, which generated the spatial range of the odor and its impacts on the affected regions from the generating source. Although in Brazil, there is no applicable legislation for odorous substances, the results of the study are only indicative and have no legal effect. The model results revealed that the averages found for annual concentrations in 2019 and 2020 were 10 OU/m3, above the 1 OU/m3 limit determined in international legislation. Odor concentrations that violate the air quality threshold, simulated by the model, were recorded at a value of 0.12 OU/m3 throughout 2019 and 2020 in relation to the short time period of 24 hours. Therefore, studies of monitoring the dispersion of odorous gases by AERMOD simulation can prevent risks of inhalation of chemicals, protect the environment and reduce future costs to public health, but need improvement in short exposure periods. In the second part, a hydrothermal method was proposed to produce a nanomaterial composed of titanium dioxide and graphene oxide (10% by weight) (TiO2-GO). Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a clean technology that under lighting is capable of degrading odor-causing substances found in water and air and in effluent. The nanomaterial was used as a photocatalyst in the treatment of effluent, where the removal of color and COD and the decrease of the characteristic peaks presented in the UV-Vis spectrum were investigated. Analytical characterization techniques: XRD, FTIR and EDS were performed to evaluate the structure, functional groups and elemental composition of the nanomaterial. TiO2-GO dosage and pH were studied to find the optimal operating condition. The results revealed that the treatment showed higher color removal efficiency when the system was in the conditions of 0.5 g of nanomaterial, pH 3, UV-A radiation and an efficiency of 84.53 % in color removal. The kinetic test shows a COD removal of 87% after 90 minutes. The reuse test shows a decrease in COD removal after four cycles attributed to the deposition of some oxidized compounds on the catalyst surface. Finally, the efficiency of the photocatalyst was evaluated under solar radiation and it was shown that, despite the good results, the performance of TiO2-GO was better under UV-A radiation.

Construction and Demolition Waste (RCD) is one of the major urban problems today, since they are generated in significant volumes, and most of the time have an inadequate final destination, triggering a series of environmental, social and economic impacts. Thus, it is essential that CDW management is efficient and capable of minimizing the negative effects of activities in the construction sector. Estimating the generation and composition of CDW plays an important role in developing appropriate and effective approaches to managing these. Thus, the present research aims to establish a rate of generation of construction and demolition waste for informal buildings in the city of Recife-PE. For this, the methodology comprised the collection of data and information, on-site visits, application of forms, mapping and photographic records. The data obtained were compiled into maps and graphs that were later discussed and analyzed. The study was based on 5 areas belonging to the Political Administrative Region (RPA3) - where the mapping of points of irregular deposition of CDW was carried out through the survey of geographic coordinates and the assessment of the impacts associated with the irregular disposition of CDW, using the methodology called Leopold's Matrix. To estimate the generation of CDW in informal works, the model proposed by Li et al. (2013) for waste quantification based on the mass balance principle. Three types of footprints were also developed, showing the amount of cement and red ceramics incorporated in the works. It was found 85 points of irregular deposition of CDW, distributed in the 5 areas studied. The assessment of environmental impacts showed that the environment most impacted by the irregular deposition of CDW is the anthropic environment, which corresponds to 47% of the total impacts. The estimation of waste generation rates in informal works made it possible to reach a generation rate per built area of 6.3 kg/m2. Finally, the cement footprint in the analyzed works ranged from -21.2% (Yellow Footprint) to 28.5% (Red Footprint), on the other hand, the brick footprint ranged from -23.8% (Yellow Footprint) at 40% (Red Footprint). The analysis carried out in this research shows the problem of CDW coming from informal constructions, in hill areas in the city of Recife-PE, serving as a basis for improving the management of these wastes and subsidizing public policies that enable the inclusion of preventive and in the urban planning of these areas.

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) expresses the movement of water in the soil pores, constituting an important tool for the evaluation of water dynamics, nutrients and pollutants in the soil. It is an attribute that varies according to the characteristics of the percolating fluid and its values may be influenced by the porous matrix (texture, bulk density, pore size distribution and aggregate stability). The porous soil geometry, in turn, is sensitive to changes promoted by the use and management of cultivated areas. Such modifications lead to difficulties for the development of fauna and flora, for agricultural production and natural environmental recovery, or for anthropic intervention. As a result, this research aimed to define the methodological limits for the determination of the Ksat of soils, in function of the alterations associated with its porous matrix, in the diagnosis of the resilience of degraded areas. The experimental area consisted of three systems under different managements: cactus forage; resting area (herbaceous cultivation); and under preserved Caatinga. The samples were collected at a depth of 0-20 cm, with: deformed samples, via the dutch type auger; and structured, using a volumetric cores, inserted into the soil with the aid of a Uhland sampler. In depth, samples were also collected in the form of clods. Ksat was determined through the application of different hydraulic loads, applied via constant-head permeameter (PCC) and falling head permeameter (PCD). The tests to obtain the other physical attributes of the soils were carried out by using the following methods: distribution of the particle size fractions of the soil, via modified desimeter; aggregate stability, assessed by wet; soil density, by the volumetric core; soil resistance to root penetration, bench penetrometer; total porosity, via saturation; and pore size distribution, using the tension table. Data processing was performed using statistical analysis software, obtaining Pearson's correlation (p <0.01; p <0.05; p <0.1), descriptive statistics, means tests (p < 0.05) for the investigated properties and, finally, the soil quality index (SQI), defined for the management systems through the analysis of all evaluated attributes. The Ksat results are shown to be significant by the Tukey test (p<0.05) in both methods used, and have positive and negative relationships with the studied attributes, referring to the porous soil matrix. In general, observing each management in isolation, it is observed that, with the application of the different hydraulic loads, it was possible to identify similar values for both methodologies, i.e., the increase in the hydraulic load did not influence the Ksat results, which did not present differences significant to each other, at 5% by the Tukey test. This result suggests that the resilience assessment of the studied areas can be performed by Ksat, and that its results are not influenced by the choice of hydraulic load during the respective tests. On the other hand, the physical attributes that best met the SQI classification were: the aggregate stability index; micro-aggregates; Ksat, when obtained by PCD, in loads of 10 and 40 cca. Thus, the values of the SQI for the Caatinga were lower when compared to the evaluated management systems. Therefore, it is noticeable that the actions of deforestation of the Caatinga in the study area, and its subsequent use for cultivation, promoted changes in the original condition of its soil structure, where a decade of conservation has not yet been sufficient to detect the resilience of the area.

The shallow flow occurs typically under crops and is associated with interrill erosion, defined by Reynolds number until 500 and Froude number ≤ 1 ou> 1. This work had to verify if the Froude number governs the shallow flow with low Reynolds, which means that all hydraulic resistance in shallow flow is dissipated by drag on the soil, and vegetation is governed by gravitational waves measured by Froude number. So, tree experiments were analyzed on Brazilian semiarid, in which were generated laminar surface flows with low Reynolds number varying among 26 to 54, under the following semiarid crops elephant grass, cactus, Cactus-Corn intercrops, and natural herbaceous vegetation, Shrub and bare soil. The Darcy-Weisbach coefficient and Froude number fitted much better the relationship between the Darcy-Weisbach coefficient and Reynolds number, showing the hydraulic resistance generated between shallow laminar flow with low Reynolds and drag on the soil and vegetation are governed by gravitation waves. Therefore, the present results support the relationship found by cantalice et al. (2021) that the Froude number governs the shallow laminar flow with low Reynolds.

The abandonment of areas in the Brazilian Semiarid region has become a constant practice, due to the degradation of these soils caused mainly by salinization. Semiarid soils naturally show a tendency to salinization, due to the region's climate. Good soil management (use of saline water) intensifies and accelerates the salinization process, without any intervention, these soils tend to become unviable for agricultural production. In view of all the social and environmental impacts, it is necessary to develop techniques aimed at mitigating the impact of saline water on semiarid soils, promoting the removal of these salts from the soil, through a tolerant culture. Thus, this dissertation aimed to evaluate the performance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd, irrigated with gray water and the potential of soil conditioners, in mitigating the effects of salinization on the plant and soil. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement and four replications, the first factor being the irrigation water (drinking water and gray water) and the second the selected conditioners. The gray water used was collected in a rural residence, which has a physical treatment system for the reuse of gray water (RAC), and the water came from the University's supply. For this, the Fluvic Cambisol was used, which was collected in the superficial layer (0-20 cm), sieved and uniformed for the setup of the experiment and for the characterization of products and physics. The soil was packed in polyethylene pots with 15 kg of soil, where it received the conditioners and their best irrigation water: T1: control (without soil conditioner), T2: 1 application of organomineral fertilizer, T3: 2 application of organomineral fertilizer , T4: 3 applications of organomineral fertilizer, T5: organic matter. Irrigation was carried out in a 72-hour watering shift, applying an irrigation depth equivalent to 85% of the field capacity. The dose of organomineral fertilizer was 20 ml pot-1 at each application, and 160 g pot-1 was incorporated into the soil for organic matter. Fortnightly, the biometric and photosynthetic parameters of the plants were adopted. At 70 days after transplanting, the seedlings were collected and divided into roots, stems, leaves and panicle to obtain their fresh, dry and total masses; allocation of relative biomass, sodium, chloride and potassium in plant parts; in addition to measuring the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECs), pH, determining the levels of sodium, potassium and chloride, and calculating the percentage of exchangeable sodium in the soil after the experiment. An allocation of sodium and chloride and the potential for phytoremediation were also determined. Under the studied conditions in which the culture was submitted, it was found that quinoa had an excellent adaptation to the highest levels of salinity, not interfering with its development. Treatment 3 applications of organomineral fertilizer provided the plant with the best conditions when irrigated with gray water. However, quinoa does not present good efficiency in the removal of salts from the soil, as the soil was being irrigated, the values of ECes, PST, and the levels of sodium, chlorine and potassium were increased. The use of this culture associated with irrigation with gray water must be carried out with care, since quinoa does not prove to be a good salt extractor.

The industrial sector of red ceramics is of global economic importance for a construction chain. In the face of industrial development, which in parallel triggers global global change, a strategy to monitor the resources used is needed. As well as monitoring of environmental impacts advances on production processes, with a view to environmental protection. Therefore, increase the Cleaner Production (P + L) tool based on the concept of sustainability, which covers the economic, social and environmental reach. Given that the red ceramic industry is a potentially polluting activity, the present research aimed to improve the efficiency of production processes based on the Cleaner Production (P + L) tool. This was made possible through a case study developed in an industry located in the state of Pernambuco. Cut from the study conducted as a base as certified companies that are included in the quarterly report of the Sector Quality Program, in order to be a company that has its focus on reduction reduction and process optimization. Within this cut-out, an option was made using industry leaders' interest in the object of study to know the P + L parameters. The research instruments used for primary data collection consisted of technical visits, photographic records, document analysis. and information interviews with managers and employees. From this, analyze through the Cleaner Production implementation manual of the National Clean Technology Center as barriers, comparisons and possibilities of implementation of the methodology within the red ceramic of the case study. Possession of this content has produced a specific manual for the implementation of cleaner production in the red ceramic industry in the state of Pernamubco. This manual allows managers to use the P + L tool, considering the local particularities of the sector. The results show that, although some parameters in the research industry are not completed, the company is able to be part of the P+L program.

Water resources play a fundamental role in the socioeconomic development of a region, and its disordered use has generated qualitative and quantitative problems. Erosive processes accentuated in river basins are extremely damaging to the health of water bodies. Due to the great obstacle in quantifying the sediment production in watersheds, as well as the effect of the basin scale on the hydrosedimentological processes, its estimation has been made through modeling. In general, the models are related to the physiographic, soil and climatic characteristics. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) integrated into the Geographic Information System (GIS) has been widely used in hydrosedimentological studies in river basins around the world, presenting good results. The choice of the hydrographic basin of the Ipojuca River was due to the fact that it is of great relevance to the State of Pernambuco, since it represents a water communication route between the backwoods and the Coast of Pernambuco and encompasses cities of great economic and tourist importance, The City of Caruaru, Bezerros, Gravatá and Ipojuca. The basin presents an environment of great complexity, evidencing in this way, climatic contractions, relief, soils, vegetation cover, as well as socioeconomic factors that require a model of water and environmental management, that meets the local peculiarities. The river Ipojuca has an extension of about 320 km crossing the physiographic regions of the wild, south woods and metropolitan. Throughout its course, largely intermittent, several problems of environmental degradation are observed, which gives it the classification of one of the most polluted in Brazil. Based on the aforementioned information, the present work seeks to estimate and analyze the spatial distribution of sediment production in the Ipojuca River basin through the SWAT model. The estimates generated by the model also allow the evaluation, besides sediment production, of deposition and transport in each sub-basin. The data of the model were compared with the data measured in the fluviometric station in the period between 1993 and 2006. The climatic data used to enter the model were obtained from the Global Weather Data for SWAT platform. Rainfall data were obtained from Agência Pernambucana de Águas e Clima (APAC) website for five stations in the basin. In the model entry, the land use and soil type maps and the digital terrain elevation model (MDE) were also used. However, the value of the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE = - 1.4) was found to be statistically significant, indicating that there was good colinearity between the estimated and observed values (R2 = 0.74) Indicated that the means of the observed values represent better the flows than the simulated values. The value of the Agreement Index - PBIAS - (-28%) indicates that the model overestimated the field data unsatisfactorily. The sediment yield estimated by the model along the basin was quite heterogeneous, with higher values in the western portion. The spatial distribution of sediment yield simulated by SWAT, as well as its correlation with precipitation and surface runoff, was not satisfactory in several sub-basins, even when other influential parameters such as slope, elevation , Type and land use. The temporal evaluation of the sediment production was well correlated with the flow, indicating that the model presents good quantitative results, but it needs a calibration to improve the qualitative results. Therefore, it is suggested that the calibration of the model for the adequate hydrosedimentological simulation of the Ipojuca river basin be carried out.

The Brazilian semiarid is characterized by the Caatinga biome presence, and essentially the occurrence of the lowest rainfall in the country, whose average annual rainfall is less than 800 mm, marked by high spatial and temporal variability of rainfall. Nevertheless, it is recognized that this region has sufficient potential for the development and permanence of the population in the field. The use of alternative technologies coexistence with drought, such as the use of cisterns, can ensure the rural population with a food quality and quantity, through sustainable management of land and water. This research aimed to know the current status of the cisterns of the P1 + 2 Program and evaluate the productivity of an orchard and a vegetable garden, explored in the family farming system through the volume of water from a cistern Calçadão type, in the semiarid region of Pernambuco. The research was conducted in the field with five species of fruit trees: mango, cashew, cherry antilles, custard apple and orange, with four years of age, spaced five meters between plants and 5 meters between lines. The design of the fruit trees in the field was composed of two treatments, irrigated with water from the cistern and not irrigated, with three replicates for irrigated treatment, and two repetitions for non-irrigated treatment, being one plant of each fruit tree corresponding to a repetition, as arrangement [(3x5) + (2X5)] totaling 25 plants. To quantify the amount of water to be applied, it was considered the volume of water stored in the cistern, and the year divided into three periods: the rainy season, interim period and dry season, applying the increasing volume of water, respectively, 8, 12 and 16 liters of water, three times a week per plant, depending on the length of each period. The research also included two vegetable beds, each with four square meters, planted with peppers, cabbage leaf, arugula, cilantro and lettuce, applying two volumes from the cistern: 32 and 16 liters per day for 365 days. In order to gather data about the soil moisture, was monitored the water content in the soil profile, using the indirect method by Frequency Domain Reflectometry - FDR. For this, access tubes were used located within 40 cm of the stem of each plant in the orchard and in the center of the vegetable beds. After a year of observations, it was found that the volume of water applied in the orchard provided significant productions. For the vegetables, the best water/production was obtained with 16 liters of water applied daily. The results show that the use of the cistern can ensure a regular intake of fruit and vegetables in the diet of rural families in the semi-arid of Pernambuco, contributing to the permanence of the population in the field.