Mast cell tumors are the most common skin tumors in dogs, being defined as a disordered proliferation of mast cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of electrochemotherapy as an adjuvant in the treatment of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs. In total, 20 patients of different races were selected and monitored and whose average age was 8.25 years. The cytology examination with results suggestive of mast cell tumor was considered essential for the inclusion of patients in this study. After classifying patients according to the stage of the oncological disease, the therapeutic protocol established in this study consisted of surgical excision of the tumor and electrochemotherapy as adjuvant treatment. Electroporation was performed using the VetCP125 device, with a needle electrode, with the drug used for the technique being bleomycin at a dose of 15 IU/m2, intravenously. the following parameters were evaluated on the 7th, 15th and 45th day after the procedure: presence of secretion, necrosis, dehiscence and signs of tumor recurrence. As a result, a gradual reduction in the presence of secretion and necrosis was observed throughout the postoperative period; point dehiscence was observed in all patients who presented necrosis; 3 of the patients showed macroscopic signs of recurrence within 60 days; the histopathological examination showed that 70% of patients had low-grade mast cell tumors versus 30% high-grade mast cell tumors. it was concluded that the surgical removal of mast cell tumors associated with electrochemotherapy is an effective modality of treatment for this neoplasia, as it allows to avoid major mutilations, preserve important structures in addition to providing quality of life for the affected patient.

Industrial poultry farming is a productive sector that requires reasonable investment, whose return is proportional to the ability of companies to maximize gains and minimize sources of losses. Its growth would not be possible without the adoption of preventive sanitary measures against many pathogens, including those that cause respiratory disorders, such as the bnfecciosa bronchitis virus of chickens. A total of 280 birds (one-day-old chicks) were divided into four experimental groups, containing the same number of animals (70 birds), and housed in two different sheds, under controlled conditions of temperature and light. The experimental groups will be: G1: the birds received the BR variant bronchitis vaccine of the Cevac IBras L® strain; G2: control group, composed of birds in the same housing conditions as G1, but did not receive vaccine; G3: birds received BR variant bronchitis vaccine of the Vaxxon® BR strain; ; G4: control group, composed of birds in the same housing conditions as G3, but did not receive vaccines. The application of the vaccines (G1 and G3) was sprayed. For histomorphometry and histopathology, tracheal fragments were collected, processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for observation under an optical microscope. Significant histomorphometric differences (p<0.05) were observed between the vaccines, where the birds from G3 and showed greater thickening of the tracheal mucosa in relation to the birds from G1, at most of the ages evaluated. For the tracheal mucosa thickness variable, the parametric ANOVA - Tukey test was applied. In histopathology, we observed milder lesions in birds vaccinated with the Cevac IBras L® vaccine compared to birds vaccinated with Vaxxon® BR. In the zootechnical analysis, mortality rates, average weight of the birds, total weight gain were evaluated, where the group vaccinated with Cevac IBras L® vaccine showed daily weight gain of 74.63g with total weight gain of 3,552 g per animal, 212 g more than the vaccinated Vaxxon® BR group. There was no statistical difference in the Rstudio test (RStudio R version 4.3.2.), but a numerical and economic difference, if we consider the production cost of R$4.20 kg/bird, we will have a difference of R$0.89 between the group vaccinated with Cevac IBras L® x Vaxxon BR. Infectious bronchitis is a high-impact disease in Brazilian poultry farming, currently strains against variant bronchitis are widely used as a way to protect birds. However, not all strains have the same behavior in relation to protection. We conclude that in this study the Cevac Ibras L vaccine showed less thickening of the tracheal mucosa and consequently less post-vaccination reaction, in addition to better zootechnical results than the Vaxxon® BR vaccine

Egg hatching has been undergoing improvements, with a view to modernization and technification. In this process, the occurrence of inverted eggs has become an increasingly constant challenge. This is a critical stage in poultry farming, as errors during egg selection have become increasingly common, both due to the speed of selection and the difficulty of identifying the position of these eggs. The aim of this study was to zootechnically evaluate the hatchability and intestinal absorption area of broilers subjected to an inverted position during incubation. In the experiment, 344 Ross and 344 Cobb eggs were used for incubation and data evaluation. After hatching, 240 birds were randomly selected for rearing. The eggs were distributed in four experimental treatments in the same industrial incubator. The experimental treatments were: T1 - Cobb batch - Eggs incubated in normal position; T2 - Ross batch - Eggs incubated in normal position; T3 - Cobb batch - Eggs incubated in inverted position; T4 - Ross batch - Eggs incubated in inverted position. Analysis was carried out on zootechnical and histomophometric data. Analyses were carried out on zootechnical and histomophometric data. With regard to zootechnical data, treatments T1 and T2 hatched at 90% (strain stand 86.00%) and 93.02 (strain stand 88.00%), while treatments T3 and T4 hatched at 74.71% and 69.19% respectively, considering the same stand values for the strains. Between T1 and T2 there was no statistical difference between the treatments, only a numerical difference in relation to the stand of each strain, while between T1 and T2 in relation to T3 and T4, in addition to the numerical difference, we observed a large relative difference between the variability of the groups, and the differences in the means of the groups were statistically significant. With regard to the histomorphometric data, the absorption area in both the jejunum and duodenum, T1 had the largest absorption area and T3 was even more significant than T2. t 7 days, there was a significant increase in the T1 and T2 groups, elucidating the statistical difference between all the treatments; with regard to the duodenum, T3 had the largest absorption area and was more significant than the others until 14 days. With regard to villus height, T1 showed the greatest variability between the groups and was significant in relation to all the treatments. In the duodenum, the villi showed the greatest difference in T3, but at 14 days T1 and T2 maintained a statistical difference (p<0.05), as in all the treatments where at 14 days the results were significant compared to the inverted egg treatments T3 and T4. The RStudio software (version RStudio R 4.3.2.) and the parametric ANOVA-Tukey test were used for all statistical analyses. With improvements in incubation methods, the occurrence of inverted eggs has become an increasingly constant challenge. The present study makes it clear that for the embryo to hatch in this position is laborious and for the hatched/viable ones there is still difficulty in rearing, as well as losses when compared to eggs incubated in the conventional position.

Wound healing is a complex process that depends not only on the nature of the injury and the type of treatment used, but also on the individual's homeostatic balance. In female dogs, mammary tumors are common and are often associated with poor nutritional status, metabolic diseases, and advanced age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a hydrogel made with gelatin and hydroxyethylcellulose on the healing of female dogs with mammary tumors who underwent unilateral mastectomy. The experimental group consisted of 15 female dogs with breast cancer. After unilateral mastectomy, each wound was initially divided into two halves using a ruler. The gelatin and hydroxyethylcellulose hydrogel was applied to the cranial half (Treated Group), and the hydroxyethylcellulose hydrogel was applied to the caudal half (Control Group). The hydrogels were formulated, sterilized at 121°C for 15 minutes and microbiologically tested (BHI broth) in five batches, with negative results in all, ensuring the microbiological safety of the product. After surgery, the wounds were treated every 72 hours with 0.1% polyhexanide biguanide and the hydrogels (GT and GC) until the 7th post-surgical day. The sutures were removed on the 15th day, and at this same time a 6mm punch biopsy was performed in the middle third of each half, subsequently sending the obtained material for histopathological analysis. Based on the results achieved, it is concluded that the hydrogel based on gelatin and hydroxyethylcellulose did not present any difference in the healing process of unilateral mastectomies in female dogs, when compared to the GC, and it is suggested that further research be carried out, with a larger experimental group, aiming to evaluate the action of the gelatin and hydroxyethylcellulose hydrogel in the healing of postoperative wounds.

The broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) is the crocodilian with the highest number of documented interactions in urban areas in Brazil; these frequent encounters with humans are often marked by conflicts that are harmful to the animals. Despite this, there are few reports on the ophthalmological and neurological consequences of the traumas generated by these and other conflicts. The present study investigates the application of B-mode ocular ultrasonography as a tool for evaluating the intraocular structures and optic nerve in alligators, correlating the measurements obtained by ultrasound examination with physical measurements of the animals and necropsy findings, aiming to establish reference intervals for the diameter of the optic nerve and echobiometry, as well as to compare which transducers are most suitable for each type of evaluation, contributing to the anatomical and functional knowledge of the species, in addition to reinforcing the potential of ultrasonography as a complementary diagnostic method in veterinary practice and in protocols for monitoring wild species. The mean DNO values varied between the methods and tended to be underestimated by ultrasound examinations in relation to necropsy. Significant differences were found between the two transducers, with the convex one being more sensitive for retrobulbar structures, and the linear one for more superficial structures and for echobiometry

Brazil has the largest buffalo herd in the West, mainly focused on buffalo dairy farming. This dairy matrix is a product with high yield in solids and nutrients, compared to cow's milk. It stands out for its composition of proteins and lipids, conferring high quality to dairy derivatives, such as yogurt. In this type of derivative, preparations such as fruit jams add nutritional value (fibers, vitamins, minerals, bioactive compounds) to the product. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop buffalo milk yogurt enriched with BRS Vitória grape jelly, in order to add value to the product by incorporating sources of fiber and antioxidant compounds. Two yogurt formulations were developed (at 45ºC for 6 hours), one control formulation (Treatment 1 – T1) and another with 14% grape jelly (Treatment 2 – T2). The products developed were evaluated for their physicochemical aspects, stability of the probiotic culture, microbiological quality, absence of pathogens, and potential irritation to mucous membranes. The addition of jelly to buffalo milk yogurt caused a significant reduction in pH, acidity, moisture, total soluble solids, ash, protein, luminosity, and coordinate a*. However, there were no significant interferences in the parameters of lipids, carbohydrates, total energy value, and coordinate b*. The pH was lower in the formulation with jelly (T2), and the acidity increased. The moisture was reduced, while the soluble solids and proteins increased, due to the sugar and fibers in the jelly. The color became more opaque (T2), with a reduction in brightness. The viability of probiotic bacteria was maintained for 45 days, exceeding 107 CFU/g in both treatments, meeting the minimum concentration required by legislation. Both formulations met the microbiological quality requirements, with no pathogens (Pseudomonas spp., Coliforms, Escherichia coli, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, Salmonella spp., molds, and yeasts) present. The Vitória grape jelly presented significant amounts of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics (83.54±0.96 mg AGE/100g), flavonoids (51.34±0.46 mg CE/100g), flavonols (10.14±0.09 mg CE/100g), anthocyanins (8.81±0.26 mg/100g), flavonols (2.24±0.14 mg/100g), and ascorbic acid (3.66±0.18 mg/100g). The addition of the jelly to the yogurt increased the concentration of these compounds, highlighting a potential to enhance nutritional benefits. The irritation test did not reveal any damage to the chorioallantoic membrane of the egg, indicating that yogurt formulations with Vitória grape jelly do not cause irritation to mucous membranes, such as those present in the human digestive tract. The addition of Vitória grape jelly to buffalo milk yogurt improves its nutritional, bioactive, and probiotic characteristics, offering a healthier and more functional product with antioxidant compounds beneficial to health.

Brazil stands out worldwide in the production of foods of animal origin. Sheep farming is of fundamental socioeconomic importance for the Northeast, as the production of these animals represents an alternative to the supply of meat, milk, and derivatives, especially for the rural population. The northeastern herd accounts for approximately 64% of Brazil's sheep, the vast majority of which are exploited by small and medium-sized breeders. In this specific market, consumers are increasingly looking for safe foods, making it essential to invest in the prevention of zoonoses, which can be transmitted through foods of animal origin, with greater focus on toxoplasmosis, a zoonosis with worldwide distribution, caused by the protozoan T. gondii, with felids as its definitive host and more than 300 species of mammals as intermediate hosts, including humans and 30 species of birds. The consumption of raw meat or meat products has been the main route of transmission to humans, with sheep being of greater importance as they present a higher frequency of tissue cysts, causing serious fetal and neonatal disorders in humans, and harm to the health of children, the elderly and immunocompromised adults. Some diagnostic methods for the occurrence of this disease in meat are the ELISA test and PCR. The aim was to study the presence and distribution of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep slaughtered in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, first determining the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies by RIFI and then evaluating the viability of T. gondii in the animals' tissues. by bioassay in mice and from this material, identify the presence of T. gondii DNA by PCR. Samples from 250 sheep were collected on the slaughter line. Blood samples were collected by puncture of the jugular vein. Fragments of liver, heart, brain, lung, and diaphragm were also collected at the  evisceration. The samples were sent to the LDIC at UFRPE. To test for IgG anti-T. gondii, RIFI was used, and the samples with titers greater than or equal to 1:64 being considered positive. Serum-positive tissue samples in the RIFI were macerated in isolation and subjected to the digestion protocol in an acidic pepsin solution to be inoculated into Swiss mice. The inoculated mice were observed for 45 days, before euthanasia and collection of the brain and abdominal lavage, which in turn were subjected to PCR where they were amplified at 529bp. In the present study, 31.64% (81/256) of the sheep were seropositive for anti-T. gondii. Regarding the bioassay in mice (mus musculus) to isolate T. gondii, of the 81 samples inoculated for euthanasia after 45 days, and research for brain cysts and PCR for the genus apicomplexa and toxo – 529. Of the 44 samples analyzed, 32.2% (10/81) of the mice had cysts in the brain, 39.5% (32/44) were positive for the apicomplexan genus and 20.9% (17/44) were positive for toxo 529.

The aim was to carry out a population census of cats in the Fernando de Noronha Environmental Protection Area (APA) and a population estimate encompassing both the APA and the Fernando de Noronha National Marine Park (PARNAMAR), Pernambuco, Brazil. This study aimed to perform a population census and estimate in Fernando de Noronha's Environmental Protection Area, Pernambuco State, Brazil. The census was accomplished during June, 2023, using the site visit method on all residences and commercial establishments from the 15 districts, through a survey application to tutors. In total, 879 cats were accounted for, being 32 domiciled (supervised by owners with movement restriction), 578 peridomiciled (supervised by owners without movement restriction) and 269 free-roaming cats were reported by citizens spotted in yards and nearby areas. The neutered cats percentage was 92.9% (567/610), which indicated that the population may stabilize in the next years; in relation to the animals' origin, the three districts with more cats reported were: Vila do Trinta (19.5%; 119/610), Floresta Nova (17.2%; 105/610), and Vila do Boldró (13.9%; 85/640); 540 cats (88.5%) did not have microchip; most of the cats (60.7%; n=370) had been neutered and ear-tipped for easier identification (T.N.R. method = trap-neuter-return); and there were eigth answers to how those cats got there, including: adoption (65.7%; n=401), born at home (10%; n=61) and abandonment (7.9%; n=48). The population estimate was carried out in May and June 2023 and sampling sessions were carried out on seven transects. The transects were located in six strata and their areas ranged from 0.71 to 4.01 km². The estimated density of peridomiciled, free-living or feral cats sighted on the main island of Fernando de Noronha was 83.2 cats per km² (95% CI = 61.5; 112.5). The population density in the strata varied widely from 20.6 to 193.1 per km² and the population of these cats was estimated at 775 individuals (95% CI = 574; 1,048), ranging from 49 to 531 cats in each stratum. The current study represented the first domiciled, peridomiciled and free-roaming cats' census in this Conservation Unity, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Finally, this census and estimate population will serve as a subsidy to public policy implementation regarding the population control of this important invasive species in Fernando de Noronha.

Abstract

Piper umbellatum is a plant rich in essential oils and other bioactive substances that have strong anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antianemic, antispasmodic and antimicrobial potential. Bacteria are often related to microbial resistance, either due to the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials or their virulence. The use of medicinal plants and herbal products has been growing and is now an alternative to conventional treatment as it has fewer adverse effects and a low resistance factor, making it an important area of research for new antibiotic therapies. Therefore, piper umbellatum presents levels of secondary metabolites that justify its antimicrobial action against various agents. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the potential of the hydroalcoholic extract and the ethanolic extract of the Piper umbellatum plant in the in vitro growth of the bacteria staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa. After obtaining the extracts by cold percolation, a chromatography analysis for CG-EM was carried out to identify the main compounds of the species. To assess susceptibility to conventional antimicrobials, disk diffusion tests were carried out, using the antimicrobials Cefoxitin 30mg, Benzylpenicillin G 10 mg, Tetracycline 30mg, Erythromycin 15mg, and Clindamycin 2mg, and the drugs tested were considered sensitive (S), resistant ( R) or intermediate (I). The bacteria tested came from the bacteriotechnical library of the infectious diseases laboratory at UFRPE. At the end of the experiment of both tests, the extracts did not have the expected antimicrobial action, with the disk diffusion test showing that the inhibitory halo did not appear in all samples, and in the microdilution test, bacterial growth in all wells. Which may be related to microbial resistance or even differences in the concentration of secondary metabolites in the extract produced. It is therefore concluded that although the hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extracts of piper umbellatum do not present antimicrobial action for such bacteria, action cannot be ruled out for other strains. In addition, phytochemical studies are necessary to quantify the concentration of metabolites and the subtypes present in the extract that justify its lack of action in relation to antimicrobial activity.

The development of research aimed at the early diagnosis of myocardial injuries in dogs that present potentially systemic pathological conditions is relevant, contributing to early diagnosis and prophylactic procedures. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the usefulness of biomarkers used as diagnostic tools and clinical condition in dogs with co-infection of Heartworm and Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL). Three groups of dogs were formed, that is: group 1 - Dogs with Heartworm Disease (n=30); group 2 - Dogs with LVC/Lcan (n=30) and group 3 - Dogs with Heartworm-LVC/Lcan co-infection (n=20). Blood was collected by jugular or cephalic venipuncture for quantification of Troponin I, CK-MB and CK NAK. Serum concentrations of Troponin I were quantified by chemiluminescence immunoassay, using ACCESS2 equipment and commercial kits from Beckman Coulter®; as for CK-MB and CK NAK, these were determined on LABMAX 240 equipment using commercial Labtest® kits. The results were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System statistical package, using the SAS PROC MIXED procedure. There was no group effect for the variable Troponin I (p=0.3072), while there was significant variation for the variables CK-MB (p=0.0017) and CK NAC (p=0.0003). Higher concentrations of CK-MB and CK-NAC were observed for dogs in the Heartworm and Heartworm+Leishimaniosis groups compared to dogs in the Leishimaniosis groups. There was a moderate positive relationship between Troponin I x CK NAC (r=0.37) for dogs in the Leishimaniosis group, as well as a high positive relationship between CK-MB x CK NAC for dogs in the Heartworm group (r=0.82 ) and Leishimaniosis (r=0.91). In relation to the group of dogs with Heartworm + Leishimaniosis, there was a moderately positive relationship (r=0.52) between CK-MB x CK NAC. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the biomarkers used in this study as they are promising tools for detecting cardiac lesions in dogs with heartworm and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) co-infection.

Given the increased global demand for food, beef production faces the challenge of optimising its reproductive efficiency. Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI) emerges as a key technique, allowing better reproductive management through oestrus synchronisation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of female parity and the number of services per conception on pregnancy rates in beef cattle undergoing FTAI. Results indicate no significant differences in pregnancy rates or body condition scores across parity groups, though nulliparous females required more insemination services per conception than primiparous and multiparous ones. It concludes that while parity does not directly affect pregnancy rates, it influences the number of services per conception.

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is an endemic disease in Brazil caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, both transmitted by ticks. While many infected horses remain asymptomatic, some develop severe clinical manifestations, including acute and chronic forms. Transplacental transmission, in addition to perpetuating the infection, can lead to serious reproductive complications, such as late-term abortions and the birth of foals showing clinical signs of piroplasmosis. This study aimed to determine the frequency and evaluate the epidemiological aspects of the transplacental transmission of these hemoparasites in mares and their foals in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The research was conducted on a ranch with 50 Quarter Horse mares and 35 foals between 2021 and 2023. Blood samples were collected from the mares at parturition and from the foals immediately after birth and 12 hours after colostrum ingestion. The samples were subjected to hematological and parasitological tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the detection of T. equi and B. caballi. DNA was extracted, and the PCR-amplified products were analyzed and sequenced. For better understanding, this dissertation was divided into a literature review and one chapter, namely: Chapter 1 “Evidence of the Transplacental Transmission of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in Quarter Horse Foals in the State of Pernambuco.” The frequency of T. equi and B. caballi in the mares was 36% and 14%, respectively. Transplacental transmission was confirmed in 20% of the foals for T. equi and 14.28% for B. caballi. Among the foals positive for T. equi, 71.42% became negative after colostrum ingestion, and 80% of the foals positive for B. caballi also tested negative after colostrum ingestion. No clinical signs were observed in the foals, even in those that remained positive after colostrum ingestion. This study confirmed the congenital transmission of T. equi and B. caballi in mares and foals in the state of Pernambuco, highlighting the importance of monitoring and controlling these agents to prevent reproductive losses and the spread of the disease.

Understanding the physiological roles of adipokines in ruminants is crucial to improving animal health and productivity, as they are intrinsically related to the states of metabolic regulations, energy balance, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, endocrine, affecting sensitivity insulin and metabolic syndromes. Therefore, the objective was to verify the expression of mRNA for leptin, leptin receptor (ObRb), adiponectin, adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1) and resistin in placental tissue of cows with and without hyperketonemia and to evaluate their interaction with the energetic metabolic profile, protein, enzymatic, hormonal and mineral. To this end, 135 pregnant cows were used and sent for clinical-obstetric care at the Garanhuns Bovine Clinic/UFRPE. The samples were collected at the time of birth and the females were subsequently distributed into groups, whose inclusion indicators for the cows were: G1 without hyperketonemia (n=120) (β-Hydroxybutyrate <1.2mmol/L) and G2 with hyperketonemia (n=15) (β-Hydroxybutyrate ≥1.2mmol/L). The biochemical indicators determined in the blood were: NEFA, β-Hydroxybutyrate, glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, GGT, AST, chlorides, phosphorus, ionizable calcium, potassium and sodium ions and the hormones insulin and cortisol. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using mathematical models (HOMA-IR, QUICKI, RQUICKI and RQUICKI_ΒHB). Fragments of each placenta were collected and stored in cryotubes containing Trizol and kept at -80°C. Of the 135 placenta samples collected from cows, 38 were processed and analyzed, 23 from G1 and 15 from G2. mRNA extraction was performed using the trizol method. cDNA was synthesized from 1μg of total RNA. qPCR analyzes were performed in duplicates. The difference between the mean Ct of the gene of interest and the mean Ct of the endogenous gene (ΔCT) was calculated for normalization and the result for gene expression was determined by a dimensionless value using the formula 2-ΔΔCt. The data was processed using PROC MIXED from SAS. The variables were subjected to the normality test to verify whether or not they met the normality assumptions using different tests, such as the Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Anderson-Darling tests. Data that did not meet these assumptions were subjected to transformation, using a logarithmic or radical basis. For the set of variables with a parametric profile, the F Test was performed, followed by a mean study using the SNK Test. For the set of variables indicating the application of a non-parametric test, the data were submitted to the Mann-Whitney U Test. For all statistical analyzes carried out, a significance level (p) of 5% will be adopted. For multivariate analysis, pre-processing was carried out considering: 1. Imputation of missing data; 2. SMOTE: Synthetic sampling in the case (after sample selection) and 3. Auto scaling: Different variances per variable. Therefore, different models were carried out: 1. Exploratory analysis and 2. Supervised pattern recognition. In the present work, statistical techniques of multivariate analysis were used, applying PCA (Principal Component Analysis), HCA (Hierarchical Component Analysis) and PLS (Partial Least Squares), seeking to evaluate the best response in the analyzes carried out. Serum NEFA concentrations were marked in the group of animals with hyperketonemia (p=0.0002). Glucose concentrations were significantly lower in cows with hyperketonemia (p=0.0132), as were the percentages of RQUICKIβHB (p<.0001). Serum urea concentrations were significantly higher in G2 females. Hyperketonemic cows had higher mean values for leptin (p=0.0174) and ObRb (<.0001) expression and healthy cows had higher mean values for adipoR1 and resistin expressions (<.0001). In the analysis of the relationship between pairs of variables, it was found that the variables with the greatest capacity for discrimination between the groups studied were the expression of ObRb, expression of AdipoR1, β-Hydroxybutyrate, AGNE, glucose, GGT and RQUICK_BHB, in addition to having varying degrees relationship, highlighting: positive correlation of leptin expression with the expression of ObRb, β-Hydroxybutyrate; positive correlation of ObRb expression with β-Hydroxybutyrate, NEFA, GGT, AST and negative with glucose; positive correlation of AdipoR1 expression with glucose, RQUICK and RQUICK_BHB, and negative with β-Hydroxybutyrate, NEFA and GGT; negative correlation of β-Hydroxybutyrate and NEFA with RQUICK and RQUICK_βHB. In HCA, it is evidenced that AdipoR1 and β-Hydroxybutyrate play a crucial role in differentiating the groups and identifying distinct metabolic patterns associated with hyperketonemia; in PCA, AdipoR1 and RQUICKBHB emerged as key variables for the control group, while AGNE and β-Hydroxybutyrate stood out for the hyperketonemia group. Regarding PLS for the hyperketonemia case class, it was identified that the expression of ObRb, expression of AdipoR1, and β-Hydroxybutyrate are representative of the hyperketonemia condition in cows at the time of calving. The analysis of adipokines produced in the placenta is a new tool to understand the role of these molecules in the mechanisms regulating metabolism in cows. The increase in leptin and ObRb gene expression and the reduction in AdipoR1 gene expression in hyperketonemic cows and the changes in metabolism and associated biochemical processes stand out, showing that the placental production of this hormone can have an important contribution to metabolic conditions, such as hyperketonemia, bringing implications for the physiology, health and productivity of females.

This work aimed to evaluate different acupuncture techniques for the treatment of excisional wounds in albino Wistar rats. For this, 100 (one hundred) male rats were selected, divided into 5 groups of 20 animals: GC - no treatment; GA1- Animals treated with systemic acupuncture at points: B13, B17 and E36, GA2- Animals treated with acupuncture, using the cerclage technique; GEA electroacupuncture, using the cerclage technique at a frequency of 2Hz and 1mA output. GL – laser at a wavelength of (660 nm) with a power of 100 mW and a decreasing dose of 5 J/point. All animals received treatments every other day for 21 days. On postoperative days 3, 7, 14 and 21, 5 animals from each group were euthanized to collect samples from the wound area and subsequent observation and microscopic analysis. HE and Gomori Trichrome staining were used and angiogenesis and tissue morphology (type and intensity of cellular infiltrate), degree of re-epithelialization and keratinization, presence and reorganization of collagen and presence of hair follicles and collagen fibers were evaluated. The results demonstrated a difference in wound contraction on the 7th PO day between GA2 and GEA (p < 0.05), GA2 and GL (p < 0.01), GL and GC (p < 0.05), on the 14th PO day , between GA1 and GA2 (p < 0.001), GA2 and GC (p < 0.01), GEA and GC (p < 0.01), GL and GC (p < 0.01) and on the 21st day PO between GA2 and GEA (p < 0.05), GL and GEA (p < 0.001), GEA and GL (p < 0.05). Regarding wound epithelialization, there was a significant difference on day 7 PO (GA1 = GA2 = GL > GEA =GC) and on day 14 PO (GC = GA1 = GA2 = GEA> GL). Regarding crust formation, there was a difference on day 14 (GC > GL > GA2 > GEA = GA1) and on day 21 (GL > GEA > GC = GA1 = GA2). When evaluating the degree of inflammation, differences occurred on day 7 PO (GL = GC = GEA > GA1 = GA2), day 14 PO (GL > GEA = GC = GA1 > GA2) and day 21 PO (GC> GL > GEA > GA1 > GA2). Regarding the degree of extracellular matrix deposition, there was a difference between the groups on days 14 PO and 21 PO (GA1 = GA2 = GEA > GL = GC). After analyzing the experiment, it was observed that the three acupuncture techniques for epithelial healing by secondary intention were effective. As there was no linear result, it is possible that the combination of techniques at different times resulted in a better healing process.

Fernando de Noronha Archipelago has a high biodiversity related to bird species. Besides, Fernando de Noronha hosts invasive species, as the domestic cat (Felis catus). Cat presence represents a high risk to bird species, as well as for humans due to transmission of zoonotic diseases. These risks are related to birds as well, once factors related to antropization can impact the survival of these species, and lead to zoonotic pathogens dissemination. Toxoplasmosis, neosporosis, feline immunodeficiency vírus (FIV), feline leukemia vírus (FeLV), west nile fever (WNF), newcastle disease (ND), and avian influenza (AI) had become even more frequent. It is extremely important to realize epidemiologic investigation on all these infections. The objective of this study was to realize molecular research of FNO, DN, and IA vírus on wild birds; anti-T. gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies occurrence, as well as isolation and biological characterization of the T. gondii, and molecular research for FIV and FeLV on cats of Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. 225 animals’ sample were obtained on total, being 125 from 11 species of wild birds: 62 noronha vireo (Vireo gracilirostris), 52 noronha elaenia (Elaenia ridleyana), three white-tailed tropicbird (Phaeton lepturus), two eared dove (Zenaida auriculata), one brown booby (Sula leucogaster), one magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens), one sooty tern (Onychoprion fuscatus), one red-footed booby (Sula sula), one black noddy (Anous minutus), and one brown noddy (Anous stolidus), and 100 from cats (81 stray cats and 19 feral cats). Among the 100 cat blood serum samples analyzed, 30 (30%) were positive for anti-T. gondii. Regarding the other pathogens studied, all agent isolation and molecular diagnoses in cats and birds were negative. Even with the negative results, of great importance especially in Avian Influenza in wild birds and poultry production, it is necessary to continue monitoring the risks of transmission of these pathogens. Therefore, it is essential to maintain this research, aiming to assist Health and Environment managers in implementing public policies to promote One Health.

Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are targets of constant research in human and veterinary medicine, most of the time they are neglected diseases in Latin America, being considered a group of frequent diseases, given the tropical and subtropical climate that favors the emergence of diseases. . Among these diseases, we have those caused by protozoa of the genus Babesia, Hepatozoon, and those caused by bacteria such as those of the genus Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Anaplasma and Borrelia. The objective of this work was to diagnose, through molecular and histopathological means, diseases transmitted by ticks in domestic and wild animals in the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco. The study was carried out in the regions of Agreste and Litoral Paraibano and the Zona da Mata Pernambucana region, which are fragments of the Atlantic Forest. The retrospective study was carried out by surveying cases from the pathological diagnosis book from 2013 to 2020, as well as the prospective study, between the years 2021 and 2022. For histopathological evaluation, the organs that presented lesions and their histological location were described. Fresh blood samples or tissues fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin had DNA extracted and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Detection/confirmation of tick-borne pathogens was assessed through amplification of specific genes using primer oligonucleotides previously described for the specific pathogen. For better understanding, this thesis was divided into a literature review and three chapters, they are: Chapter 1 “Diseases transmitted by ticks in small animals in Paraíba”; Chapter 2 “Diseases transmitted by ticks in production animals in Paraíba and Pernambuco”; and Chapter 3 “Tick-borne diseases in wild animals in Paraíba”. As a result, it is possible to diagnose diseases transmitted by ticks in domestic and wild animals in the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco, through histopathological examination and molecular means. Through diagnosis, it is possible to map collection sites for molecular diagnosis and characterize the species of pathogens that occur in scientific areas, as well as detect which of them are considered zoonotic and contribute to disease control and prevention programs within the single health system.

In Brazil, medicinal plants are widely used in Veterinary Medicine to aid in the wound healing process. One such plant is rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), considered sacred by ancient peoples. Another important tool employed for this purpose is ozone gas in the formulation of creams and oils. When a substance undergoes ozone processing, its effects are potentiated, leading to what is now known as ozone therapy. This experiment aimed to perform a morphometric and histopathological evaluation of surgically created wounds in dogs (Canis familiaris) healing by secondary intention and treated with ozonized rosemary oil. Surgical wounds were created using an 8mm punch, with each animal serving as both control and treatment simultaneously (two wounds per animal). Twenty dogs aged between one and four years, weighing between seven and 20 kg, were divided into four groups (G₃, G₇, G₁₄, and G₂₁), each containing five animals (n=5). Wounds were evaluated on days three (D₃), seven (D_7), 14 (D₁₄), and 21 (D₂₁) postoperatively, respectively. Each animal was represented by two subgroups: the control group (CG, treated with 0.9% saline solution) and the treated group (GT, treated with ozonized rosemary oil). This procedure was repeated every 24 hours for 21 days, during which all animals were clinically assessed. On days D₃, D₇, D₁₄, and D₂₁, lesions from all animals in each subgroup were biopsied, with an incision made in an ellipse encompassing intact skin and all healing tissue. After sample collection, they were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin for histopathological examination with morphological and morphometric assessments. The data obtained were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test and complemented by the Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). The wound healing effect of ozonized rosemary oil was observed in wound contraction (p=0.05) in GT compared to CG on D₃, and in angiogenesis (p=0.001) in GT compared to CG on D₇ and D₁₄. Morphologically, there was less inflammation in GT on D₃, D₁₄, and D₂₁, and less crust formation on D₃ and D₂₁ compared to CG, although there was no statistical difference between them. It is concluded that the combination of rosemary essential oil with ozone therapy favored the process of wound healing by secondary intention in canine cutaneous wounds.

Vision assessment is essential for diagnosing various ophthalmic pathologies that affect dogs. Electroretinography (ERG) is na assessment of retinal function to light responses and is recommended to be performed with the patient under sedation or general anesthesia to minimize the presence of ruids, however anesthetic agents can impact the results of electroretinographic waves. This study aimed to determine changes in the total field electroretinogram (ERG-ct) in dogs subjected to combination of dexmedetomidine and opioids, as well as to evaluate electrocardiographic changes and degrees of sedation. The animals were distributed into three groups. GDBUT received dexmedetomidine associated with butorphanol, GDMET received dexmedetomidine associated with methadone and GDBUP received dexmedetomidine associated with buprenorphine. GDBUT showed changes in the implicit times of waves “a” and “b” and in the response to Flicker, GDMET did not show changes to photopic stimulus, but differed in terms of Flicker. GDBUP did not present any changes. Regarding the electrocardiogram, the three groups varied in terms of heart rate and showed differences in the amplitude or duration of P wave. The GDBUT showed differences in the duration of the PR and QT intervals, amplitude of the R and T waves. In GDMET, differences were observed in PR and QT intervals and the amplitude of the T wave. The GDBUP was different in amplitudes of the P and T waves and significant differences in the PR and QT intervals. Regarding the degree of sedation, GDBUT scored higher than other groups and GDBUP was the group that scored least. It can be concluded that the animals that received the association with buprenorphine did not show changes in the values of the ERG-ct waves and suffered fewer impacts on the Ecg waves, however they were ones that presented lower rates in terms of the degree of sedation.

Considering the involvement of goats and sheep in neurological diseases that can affect the cervico-thoracic spinal intumescence and the components of the brachial plexus, there arises a need for neurological evaluation of these small ruminants, with precision in the information obtained from this examination. This research aimed to verify the reliability of the carpo-radial extensor reflex for diagnosing neurological alterations in these two species. For this purpose, 30 sheep and 30 goats, over five months old, with standard body and muscle conformation for these species, without abnormalities in gait, were selected, and the carpo-radial extensor reflex was tested in both thoracic limbs. The reflexes were evaluated with the aid of a neurological percussion hammer, initially before slaughter, immediately post-slaughter relaxation, and after radial nerve section. The results were documented by species after three consecutive evaluations in each limb. The responses were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively and classified as 0 (absence of response), 1 (diminished response), 2 (normal response), and 3 (increased response). The reflex intensity data showed abnormal distribution and were evaluated in pairs using the non-parametric Wilcoxon test. There was a significant difference in responses between the in vivo phase compared to the immediate post-mortem and post-neurotomy phases, which progressively decreased but without areflexia, except in one sheep. As already proven in dogs and cats, there was a carpal extension response in 100% of goats and 96.66% of sheep, even after cardiac arrest with complete disappearance of the flexor reflex (withdrawal reflex), and even after radial nerve section, indicating that in these two species, they are not spinal myotatic reflexes related to a reflex arc. As occurs in humans, dogs, and cats, the results thus characterized it as an idiomuscular response, making the carpo-radial extensor reflex unreliable for neurological evaluation of small ruminants..

This thesis is composed of two chapters, each exploring different aspects of cryopreservation and proteomic analysis in in vitro-produced bovine embryos. The first chapter evaluates the impact of vitrification on embryo morphology and proteomic profile. Fresh and vitrified embryos were analyzed, showing a significant reduction in the number of blastomeres in vitrified embryos, associated with alterations in the proteomic profile, particularly in proteins related to cellular stress. These results indicate that vitrification compromises embryonic viability, highlighting the need to improve cryopreservation protocols to enhance outcomes in assisted reproduction. The second chapter compares the viability and proteomic profile of embryos subjected to vitrification and direct transfer. Four groups of embryos were analyzed, focusing on proteins involved in cell stability and stress response. Vitrified embryos that maintained development until re-expansion and those subjected to direct transfer showed higher viability, suggesting the importance of additional culture for vitrified embryos and highlighting direct transfer as an effective alternative to vitrification. These studies provide valuable insights for optimizing cryopreservation protocols in assisted reproduction programs, focusing on proteomic approaches to improve embryo selection and viability.

Ocimum basilicum L. is popularly known as basil, basil and basil, native to tropical Asia, rich in
essential oil that mainly has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. The objective of this
work was to evaluate the healing activity of basil essential oil (Ocimum basilicum L.) on skin
wounds in rats. The leaves were collected at the DoisIrmãos Campus of the Federal Rural
University of Pernambuco (UFRPE). The oil was extracted using the hydrodistillation technique,
using the Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass
spectroscopy (GC/MS), subsequently, the preparation of an ointment. For the healing activity, 30
albino Wistar rats (Rattus norvergicus albinus) were used, distributed into two experimental
groups of 15 animals each (GT – animals with wounds treated with ointment containing 10%
Ocimum basilicum essential oil; CG – animals with wounds treated with base ointment),
subdivided into 3 groups of 5 animals each, corresponding to postoperative times (PO): 3, 7 and
14 days. Four surgical wounds were made in each animal, in the right and left dorsolateral
thoracic region, with the aid of an 8 mm diameter punch, treated daily and evaluated at 3, 7 and
14 days PO, regarding the degree of contraction and evaluation. macroscopic, morphological and
morphometric regarding the quantification of blood vessels. The phytochemical study revealed
the presence of terpenes and obtained 0.63% essential oil yield. Regarding the degree of wound
contraction, there was no statistical difference between the groups tested. Macroscopically, the
wounds in the treated group showed less inflammation, hyperemia and secretion, more developed granulation tissue, formation of a lighter colored low crust and the lesion was less firm, when compared to the control group. The quantification of blood vessels was significantly higher in the treated group, when compared to the control group, on day 7 PO (p=0.04). In the morphological evaluation, the GT showed a lower concentration of inflammatory cells, greater and better filling of the granulation tissue by collagen fibers, less crust formation, a greater concentration of newly formed vessels and greater deposition of extracellular matrix. It is concluded that the ointment based on essential oil from the leaves of Ocimum basilicum L. at 10% proved to be efficient in the healing process of skin wounds in rats.

This thesis is composed of two works. The first is a literature review on feline mammary
carcinoma, an extremely aggressive malignant disease with low survival rates and few
therapeutic options beyond mastectomy. In this context, the review explores the importance of
proteomics as an essential tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the
development of this cancer. Advances in proteomic techniques and their application in
identifying biomarkers, both for diagnosis and the development of more effective and targeted
therapies, are highlighted. Additionally, the study addresses how proteomic analysis can
contribute to unraveling tumor behavior, growth processes, and metastasis, providing a solid
foundation for future research. The second work, on the other hand, is an experimental study
that directly applies proteomic techniques in the context of feline mammary carcinoma. This
study seeks to validate the possibilities presented in the review by analyzing tumor samples to
identify specific protein alterations. The objective is to characterize the cancer's proteomic
profile, verify differential protein expression, and identify potential biomarkers that can be used
for both diagnosis and treatment. This experimental work reinforces the practical potential of
proteomics, demonstrating how it can be used to develop more precise therapeutic strategies and
improve the prognosis of such a challenging disease. Together, the two studies highlight the
relevance of integrating molecular science into the clinical management of feline mammary
carcinoma, offering new perspectives for veterinary oncology.

Diseases in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of horses have been reported as frequent health problems, leading to economic losses for livestock. Among the diseases of the GI tract, gastric (UG) and large colon (UCM) ulcers are the most frequent; however, only the UG have a precise diagnostic method, performed through endoscopies. Recently, rapid tests were developed to identify fecal occult blood in horses, seeking to identify possible intestinal lesions. Thus, the present study aimed to correlate clinical and laboratory signs of gastrointestinal diseases with the findings of rapid fecal evaluation tests. 155 animals from different breeding, maintenance (NPE+CVA) and training systems for different sports (racing, walking and vaquejada) were used. The feces were obtained through natural defecation, stored in clean containers, for later analysis through the rapid test (SUCCEED®), following the manufacturer's recommendations; in addition to fecal pH measurement directly on fresh feces using a portable pH meter (OAKTON 50S). Blood samples were obtained by collecting them in vacuum tubes containing EDTA, for carrying out blood counts in an automatic cell counter (Roche® Poch 100iv) obtaining: red blood cells (HE), hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (HT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), erythrocyte distribution range coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), erythrocyte distribution range standard deviation (RDW-SD), leukocytes (LEU), lymphocytes (LINF), platelets and other white cells. For biochemical analyses, samples were collected in tubes without anticoagulant, centrifuged to obtain serum for plasma protein (PPT), albumin (ALB) and gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT) analysis, carried out in semiautomatic equipment (Doles® D-250) using commercial kits and following the manufacturer's recommendations. Fibrinogen was analyzed using the thermal presipitation technique. Serum was also analyzed by ELISA method using commercial kits for calprotectin analysis. The results obtained were analyzed using the SigmaPlot 13.0 program for Windows® (Systat Software, Inc), using ANOVA and Tukey's test with a significance level set at 5%. The animals presented 16% of positive results for the presence of hemoglobin in the feces, 32% for the presence of albumin, 9% for hemoglobin and albumin and 39% for one of the markers. There was an interaction between positive results and the age of sport animals (p<0.05), which may indicate stress at the beginning of training. There was no interaction between test results and blood biomarkers (p>0.05). There was difference in the stool scale between sports (p<0.05), due to the type of food. The results obtained in the test for detecting blood in the feces, combined with the results of health biomarkers, can contribute to a better understanding of some digestive processes and the well-being of horses

Wounds in the skin tissue have different origins, the main causes being surgery and high-energy trauma. From this perspective, skin lesions caused by surgeries deserve special attention, because in the world, several establishments and institutions in the area of veterinary medicine perform thousands of surgical interventions per day. Consequently, during the healing process of the wound, intercurrences may occur, among which infections stand out, which lead to an extension in the healing time of the lesion and can evolve into systemic forms. The objective of this research was to verify the efficiency of topical antiseptic solutions in the absence of antibiotic therapy as a way to combat post-surgical infection in dogs undergoing elective surgeries. The animals that participated in the research were adults, with an average age of 2.7 years, in addition to being in a healthy state of health, and the wounds were from elective surgeries, orchiectomies and ovariohysterectomies. In addition, medications of the antibiotic class were not administered in the perioperative period, to assess the efficiency of the topical antiseptic solution in isolation. For the execution of the research, four groups were defined with different antiseptic topical solutions, group 1 was composed of dogs submitted to the application of the 0.1% polyhexanide solution; group 2 consisted of animals submitted to the application of 0.05% chlorhexidine digluconate solution; group 3 consisted of animals submitted to the use of 0.1% povidone-iodine solution; the control group consisted of animals subjected to the use of sterile 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The animals were evaluated on days 1, 5 and 10 after surgery. The evaluation of tissue healing in all groups was performed through macroscopic analysis, comparing aspects of continuity solutions on the proposed days. The presence of systemic infection was verified by hematological examinations, performed 5 days after the surgical procedures. As a result, there were no significant differences in the macroscopic parameters of the wounds or presence of infection between all groups, both for males and females. Therefore, the use of antiseptic topical solutions is unnecessary for wounds arising from short-term clean elective surgeries in male and female dogs. However, dressing with a topical solution to keep the wound environment moist accelerates tissue healing, with humidity being a more relevant factor compared to the antiseptic activity of the topical solution in elective procedures.

Malasseziosis is a disease caused by yeasts of the genus Malassezia, causing otological diseases and dermatopathies in humans and animals, being the species Malassezia pachydermatis more involved in animals. Treatment occurs with the use of azole antifungals topically or systemically. However, Malassezia already has resistance to this group of drugs, besides that azole drugs can cause toxicity reactions. The use of medicinal plants and herbal products are then presented as an alternative to conventional treatment because it presents fewer reactions to the use, and low resistance factor. Being an important area of research for new antibiotic and antifungal therapies. Thus, Melaleuca leucadendron, a plant of Australian origin, presents levels of secondary metabolites that justify its antiseptic action to various agents, such as bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. and pseudomonas, as well as fungi such as Candida sp. However, this plant is still little studied for other fungal groups. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the antifungal action of this plant for Malassezia sp strains. Samples were collected from the plant to confirm the species collected and production of a hydroalcoholic extract by the cold percological method. For this, the leaves of the plant were dried in a circulating air kiln at 40ºC for 24 hours, macerated and added 700 ml of PA alcohol and 300 ml of distilled water, being left at rest for 15 days and evaporated the solvent in a rotational evaporator. Subsequently, qualitative phytochemical analyses were performed in order to verify the presence of the following secondary metabolites: terpenes, quinones, saponins, flavonoids, phenols and alkaloids. For the fungal sensitivity test, malassezia samples were collected from animals clinically affected with dermatitis and otitis. Initially, a gare diffusion disc mycological test was performed with 10 samples and a new analysis was performed with 6 more samples by the broth microdilution method. At the end of the experiments it was verified by phytochemical analyses that the extract had the presence of phenols, terpenes, flavonoids and quinones, indicators that the extract has antiseptic and healing action. However, in both mycological tests the extract does not have an expected antifungal action, and the non-appearance of the inhibition halo in all samples and in the microdilution test was verified in all wells. It may be related to the fungal resistance factors of malassezia, its biofilm production or even differences in the concentration of secondary metabolites in the extract produced. It was concluded that although the hydroalcoholic extract of M. leucadendron does not present antifungal action for Malassezia sp. this action cannot be ruled out for other fungal species. In addition to the need for quantitative phytochemical studies to quantify the concentration of metabolites and the subtypes present in the extract that justify its lack of action against this fungal class. 

Agribusiness in Brazil has grown at high rates, supplying the national market and decisively cooperating with exports, especially beef products, positively influencing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) year after year. With Brazil occupying a prominent position in this sector, it reflects an increase in research requirements and investments to improve quality and, consequently, in numbers, which generate economic development. One of the ways to make this growth viable is in genetic selection, with the improvement of favorable characteristics, through reproductive biotechnologies, such as in vitro production (IVP) and cryopreservation techniques. With the use of these biotechniques it is possible to store the genetic material of a donor for better use of surplus embryos. This study aimed to align the use of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) in the ultrastructural evaluation of bovine embryos produced in fresh in vitro (GF) and after vitrification process in cryotop (GV). 15 embryos per group were fixed. Each embryo was fixed separately, making ultrathin cuts and placed in an ideal medium for MET evaluation. This method gave relevance to the morphological analysis of mitochondria and their cristae, as well as demonstrating changes in the endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, microvilli in the trophectoderm and integrity of the zona pellucida after chemical treatments used during the vitrification process with cryotop. It was concluded that the cryotop vitrification process can cause ultrastructural alterations such as intracellular disorganization, dilation of organelles such as mitochondrial cristae, RER, REL and a decrease in the presence of ribosomes in the RER, since the morphological data visualized here in this experiment suggested that the maintenance of functional embryo viability after cryotop vitrification was maintained, making vitrification a method that, despite the stress on its organelles, maintained embryonic viability.

Bone mineral density in animals can be estimated through some imaging tests, being emission X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) the two most used methods that allow the diagnosis of demineralization in initial stages. Studies were carried out in some animal species in an attempt to establish reference values in free-living animals, aiming to favor the diagnosis of possible early alterations in bone mineral metabolism. This study presents data obtained from computed tomography performed in caracaras for osteodensitometric evaluation. Tomographic examinations were performed on 10 adult and clinically healthy caracaras, without chemical restraint. After acquiring and digitizing the images, the right and left tibias were analyzed using primary images and multiplanar reconstruction. The importance in this study was the achievement of the average value of 1234,30 ± 262,20 mg/cm3 in the bone mineral density of the cortical bone of the tibias of the caracara, being this unprecedented data in the veterinary literature to the authors' knowledge.

The aim of this research was to compare the cELISA (Competitive Enzyme Immunoabsorption Assay) and ELISAi (Indirect Enzyme Immunoabsorption Assay) tests used for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia (EIA) and to carry out an integrative review on the prevalence of EIA in Mercosur member countries between the years 2012 to 2021. For the comparative analysis of the tests used in the diagnosis of EIA, 846 samples of sera from horses were analyzed. Parameters for evaluation were intraplate and interplate repeatability based on standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV). The precision results were satisfactory, whose values obtained have the lowest variation 3.14 and the highest variation 11.97, guaranteeing an excellent consistency of the analyzed ELISA tests. The ELISAi showed a sensitivity of 96.89% and a specificity of 91.85% while the cELISA showed a sensitivity of 98.46% and a specificity of 94.79%. Both demonstrated an excellent concordance index (Kappa = 0.8) with the AGID test. The ELISA tests analyzed showed good performance to be used as a screening test as part of a serial ELISA/AGID system in the serodiagnosis of equine infectious anemia, improving efficiency in combating and possible eradication of EIA, corroborating the current model used in Brazil in accordance with the guidance in the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) manual. For the integrative review, two bibliographic databases were used, Scopus and PubMed. For the research, the search terms “equine AND anemia AND infectious OR eiav OR prevalence OR serologic” and “Equine anemia infectious prevalence Brazil, respectively, were used, in addition to the use of year of publication filters, place of publication for each country of Mercosur. EIA prevalence studies were found in two Mercosur member countries (Argentina and Brazil), in the other three (Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela) no EIA prevalence records were found. The highest prevalence of EIA was described in Argentina, 77.2% in 2014, 81.3% in 2015 and 88.7% in 2016. Analyzing the average prevalences between countries, Argentina obtained a higher prevalence than Brazil ( 82.4% x 12.33%). It is noteworthy that in 100% of the researched articles, cases of infection by the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus were registered, which demonstrates the importance of implementing measures for the prevention, control and eradication of the disease. The scarcity of epidemiological studies in Mercosur member countries on the platforms used stands out, and it is important to encourage epidemiological studies, as well as the implementation of technical standards by the Ministries of each country and animal transit between Mercosur countries.

A variety in the results of hematological, biochemical and mineral parameters can result from an extensive diversity of breeds and management, in addition to variables such as age, sex, time of year, nutrition and activity performed; directly influence such parameters. Thus, this study aimed to determine and evaluate hematological, biochemical valuesand mineral profile of lactating mares, suckling foals and yearling fillies in a 12-month period. The experiment was carried out on a farm located in the city of Gravatá-PE (Lat: -8.2096, Long: -35.5695); average annual rainfall: 500 to 1000mm. From a batch of 80 animals, those clinically healthy were selected, submitted to the same nutritional management. Mares and yearling fillies received 2.0 kg/animal/day of concentrate (dry matter: 89.26%; ether extract: 1.66%; crude protein: 8.42%; crude energy: 3794 kcal/kg ; mineral matter: 2.08%; neutral detergent fiber: 32.71%; acid detergent fiber: 22.98%) and with access to Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Biloela) pasture in the rainy season (March-July) and supplemented with corn silage (3.0-4.0 kg/day/animal in the dry period (August-February), mineralized salt (Co-Equi Tortuga/DSM) and water were provided ad libitum. three distinct groups: lactating mares (16), suckling foals (16) and yearling foals (25). Samples were collected over a period of 12 months and performed through jugular venipuncture in tubes containing EDTA for analysis of hematological parameters and in tubes without anticoagulant to obtain serum biochemical parameters and macromineral profile. The samples were taken to Laboratory B IOPA, at the Department of Animal Science at UFRPE, where they were processed and analyzed. The hematological parameters (red blood cells (HE), hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit (HT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (CHCM), distribution range of erythrocytes, standard deviation (RDW-SD), amplitude of distribution of erythrocytes coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), leukocytes (LEU), lymphocytes (LINF), platelets and other white cells) were obtained by counting in automatic hematology equipment (poch-100iV®). Biochemical parameters (serum protein (PS), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLOB), triglycerides (TRIG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL)) were obtained by reading in semiautomatic equipment (Doles®D250) using commercial kits, following the manufacturer's recommendations; the evaluation of minerals (iron (Fe), total calcium (tCa++), ionized calcium (iCa), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg++) and chloride (Cl-)) was obtained following the methodology determined for biochemical analysis. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance by the ANOVA method, using the Tukey test when necessary, establishing a significance level of 5%.

This study aimed to define an electrocardiographic and tomographic pulmonary and cardiac standard for free-living healthy caracaras (Caracara plancus). For this, 10 adult caracaras, from the Center for Screening and Rehabilitation of Wild Animals of Pernambuco (CETRAS - PE) were used. These animals underwent computed tomography of the thoracic region and electrocardiogram. Thus, in the cardiac tomographic analysis, absolute measurements of the thoracic region and cardiac silhouette were obtained. Radiodensity measurements of the lungs were obtained using two different techniques. First, the selection of regions of interest in the lung parenchyma was used at the level of the syrinx (-679.25 ± 41.68 HU), at the level of the pulmonary trunk (-685.30 ± 27.34 HU) and at the level of the liver. (-656.65 ± 26.00 HU). Subsequently, the radiodensity was measured using the Histogram technique (-683.73 ± 18.1 HU), with no statistical difference when compared with the radiodensity obtained using the ROI technique. Lung volume was measured, obtaining mean values of 24.12 ± 4.42 cm³. In addition, all animals showed similar morphologies in the electrocardiographic events, and the DII lead showed a positive P wave, subsequently a QRS complex of rS conformation, it did not show a Q wave in this lead, and the T wave presented as positive. This study allowed the determination of electrocardiographic values and measurements for the evaluation of cardiac silhouette and lung parenchyma in tomographic examination of free-living and healthy caracaras. Therefore, these data can be adopted as reference values for the species, favoring the early diagnosis of heart disease and other lung diseases.

The objective of this work was to describe, measure and determine the mineral composition of the hooves of healthy Dorper and Santa Inês sheep, between 150 and 180 days old, reared in a semi-intensive system. Right thoracic and pelvic limbs of twenty sheep were used, ten of the Dorper breed and ten of the Santa Inês breed, belonging to two herds, selected on the condition that none of the animals had received interventions or treatments during their lifetime that could interfere in the natural wear of the hooves. The animals came from farms in the municipalities of Aquidabã and Nossa Senhora da Glória, in the state of Sergipe, and were kept on pasture of Panicum maximum cv Massai during the day and collected in beaten ground pens at night. The animals were slaughtered in a slaughterhouse under state inspection, in the municipality of Iatabaiana, Sergipe. After slaughter, the fore and hind limbs on the right side of the animals were selected for hoof measurements. The nails were disarticulated after being immersed in water at 60º C for 10 minutes and, with the aid of a Zaaz precision electronic caliper (Amatools®), measurements of the wall height of the abaxial and axial face of the hooves, periople height, length and sole width and hoof bulb length and width. To obtain the thickness of the hoof wall, sole and bulb, an incision was made along the coronary edge of the hooves with the aid of a manual saw, in order to remove adjacent structures and fasteners to the bones of the corresponding distal phalanges. In addition, with the aid of a protractor, the angle of the hooves of each limb was measured. The determination of mineral composition was performed using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer model Ray Ny EDX-720 from Shimadzu. The voltage applied to the X-ray tube was 15 keV and 50 keV, current 100 μA with detector dead time of 40% and 10 mm collimator. Spectra were obtained sequentially from 0 to 40 keV. The tensile test was performed on 5 hoof samples of each breed. The specimens made had a total length of 40 mm and a width of 10 mm, the distance between grips was 10 mm and the test speed was 1 mm/minute until the sample ruptured. The tests were carried out in an Instron 3367 universal mechanical testing machine, following the recommendations of the ASTM E8/E8M-21 (2021) standard. It was verified that there are morphological differences between the hooves of the forelimbs of Dorper and Santa Inês sheep, especially in the measurements of periople height, wall thickness and hoof angle of the forelimbs and in all measurements of the pelvic limbs, except for the width of the sole. The hooves of Dorper animals concentrate higher values of K, Ca, P, Mg, S in addition to higher levels of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn, in addition to supporting a greater load when subjected to the resistance test The load variable was significantly influenced ( p<0.05) by races. It was observed that the Dorper breed supported a greater load than the Santa Inês breed. With regard to effort, it did not differ significantly (p>0.05). It was concluded that there are morphological differences between the hooves of Dorper and Santa Inês sheep and that the levels of potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, iron, zinc, copper and manganese were higher in animals of the Dorper breed when compared to animals Santa Inês.

The objective was to describe the activities of the “Secretaria Executiva dos Direitos dos Animais” (SEDA) of the Recife City Hall and to perform a quantitative analysis of the actions carried out by this Secretariat in dogs and cats from the perspective of Animal Welfare and One Health. To this end, the activities to obtain the data were carried out through on-site documentary research at SEDA, on the official website of the Recife City Hall, in three Doctoral Theses, a Master’s Dissertation and a Mandatory Supervised Internship (ESO) report graduate. In addition, we used the information from the database of the Veterinary System (SISVET) of SEDA, which were exported to the Excel Program and analyzed, allowing the verification of actions performed by SEDA. In total, the 12 actions carried out by SEDA were verified and analyzed according to the type of action, beginning and end of the action, partner institutions, main results and the situation in 2022. In the analysis of the database in SISVET it was verified the separation of the actions in activities carried out in the Veterinary Hospital of Recife (HVR) and in non-hospital activities performed. Regarding the activities carried out in the HVR, it was found that in the period 2013 to 2022, the HVR provided 71,314 vacancies for castrations of dogs and cats, with 36,757 castrations. In these surgeries, the number of inadequacies to perform castrations was 1,796 for dogs and 953 for cats, and all their causes were grouped and analyzed. In the period from 2017 to 2022 it was verified that the HVR performed 143,705 procedures of consultations, emergency returns and attendances, 14,711 general surgeries and 262 anti-rabies vaccinations. Among the non-hospital activities, SEDA attended between 2013 to 2022, 4,909 reports of mistreatment against dogs, cats and horses, performed 991 adoptions of dogs and cats, 9,454 assistance of dogs and cats in the Veterinary Program of the Neighborhoods and 688 lectures given in municipal and state public schools in the city of Recife. These integrative actions allowed the possibility of participation of the population and partner bodies in issues related to animal rights. Considering the permanent actions carried out by SEDA, combined with the concept of One Health, it was found that they can provide an improvement in the quality of life of people, animals and the environment, and thus, allows the development of a new paradigm for the implementation of transformative public policies in the city of Recife - PE.

Vaquejada is an equestrian sport traditionally practiced in Brazil, with championships held weekly throughout the year. Sports and training programs can predispose athletic animals to musculoskeletal injuries and lameness. Studies carried out in other equestrian modalities have shown the occurrence of thoracolumbar injuries in athletic animals. In vaquejada, there are few studies on this subject, thus, the objective was to diagnose injuries of the thoracolumbar spine in vaquejada horses in the state of Pernambuco and to verify the implications of the activity of “pulling” on the epaxial muscles of the thoracolumbar spine of the animals. 10 left-drawn mares (GI), 10 right-drawn mares (GII) and 10 pasture mares (GIII) were evaluated, all clinically evaluated and submitted to clinical, radiographic and ultrasonographic examination. Measurements of the Longuissimus dorsi (MLD) and Multifidus (MM) muscles were performed at T18, L1 and L3, using ultrasound. The lesions found in the thoracolumbar spine of the research animals were Kisses spines (KS); spinous process irregularity (SP); loss of PE bone line continuity; bone fragment in PE; sclerosis in PE; osteolysis in PE; periosteal reaction in PE body; enthesiophyte in PE; PE approximation; spondylosis of vertebral bodies; intervertebral osteoarthritis (IOA); supraspinous ligament desmitis (DLSE); and Myositis. The results of measuring the Multifidus muscle showed no significant difference in volume between the T18, L1 and L3 regions or between the antimeres in the animals of the three groups. However, there was a trend towards greater muscle volume in the left antimere in GI (GI= left antimere 9.07cm2 / right antimere 8.92cm2) and in the right antimere in GII (GII = left antimere 8.37cm2 / right antimere 8.59cm2) and GIII (GIII = left antimer 8.96cm2 / right antimer 9.14cm2). Regarding the measurement of the Longuissimus dorsi muscle (MLD) to compare the thickness in the regions of the vertebrae T18, L1 and L3, the animals from GII had a significantly greater thickness (p=0.007) in L3 on the right antimere; in animals from GIII, MLD was significantly higher in L3 on the right side (p=0.045) and on the left side (p=0.0069); in GI, there was no significant difference regarding the thickness of the MLD between the T18, L1 and L3 regions, however, there was a trend towards greater muscle volume in the L3 region (GI=right MLD 9.217cm/left MLD 9.145cm).  For the MLD, greater thickness was found in the right antimere, on the horse's exit side, in GI animals (left) and in the left antimere of GII animals (right). Lesions found in animals from GI and GII were greater in extent and intensity than in GIII, but mares never ridden also showed injuries. Therefore, an anatomical predisposition of the species is suggested, without discarding the influence of activity on the worsening of thoracolumbar injuries. The movement of the vaquejada animals, from the start of the race to the ox pulling, showed greater demand for the Longuíssimus dorsi muscle on the horse's starting side and the Multifidus muscle on the opposite antimere. Intervertebral osteoarthritis, in turn, was more severe in the antimere ipsilateral to the horse's exit, where the lateral flexion/rotation is performed, with greater overload in T18/L1, L1/L2 and L2/L3, during the ox's pulling movement. The results elucidate the direct relationship between sports activity and/or training with thoracolumbar injuries in horses and support the construction of diagnosis, treatment, preventive and rehabilitation measures for athletic horses.

The traditional healing system comprises the accumulation of knowledge about health built, reinvented, and re-signified for thousands of years in each particular society, where products of plant origin have been the basis for the treatment of different diseases. In Pernambuco, the Xukuru do Ororubá ethnic group represents the largest indigenous population of Pernambuco, totaling 12,711 people, with 27,555 hectares of territory, sacred connection with nature and with the Limolaigo Toipe life project. Thus, it was aimed to conduct a study on ethnomedicine and veterinary ethnomedicine of the Xukuru of Ororubá territory, Pernambuco-PE. The project was approved at the Plataforma Brasil, Ethics Committee for the Use of Human Beings in Research (UPE) under number CAAE: 30962719.8.0000.5207 and registered in the National System for the Management of Genetic Heritage and Associated Traditional Knowledge with registration number A6999F5. All the work was carried out in the indigenous territory of the Xukuru do Ororubá ethnic group through coordination with the representatives of the people. The information was acquired through collective participation with the community. A total of 289 ethnomedicinal surveys were conducted with six animal therapies and 61 ethnovet surveys with three animal therapies. The expressive ethnomedicine and veterinary ethnomedicine knowledge and practices of the Xukuru do Ororubá indigenous people represent their strong connection with nature, especially with the phytodiversity of the Serra do Ororubá region. The data revealed has a fruitful potential for the sustainable use and protection of medicinal species from the indigenous Xukuru territory, with special emphasis on medicinal plants. Furthermore, the screening of active ingredients of plant origin and pharmacological activities in vivo/in vitro may be of interest for the synthesis of new drugs for one health.

Much of the scientific literature on tumors in rodents is based on induced neoplasms in rodents maintained as experimental models of human carcinogenesis. Works with spontaneous neoplasms in rodents kept as pets and wild rodents, especially in the northeast region of Brazil, are scarce. Thus, this dissertation comprises a literature review regarding the main spontaneous neoplasms reported in rodents and two scientific articles. The first article aims to describe the macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of spontaneous neoplasms in rodents kept as pets in a retrospective study, covering the years 2014 to 2021. The species involved in this study included hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice. Twenty-five neoplasms were diagnosed in 24 rodents. Hamsters were the most affected, followed by rats, guinea pigs and mice. Tegumentary neoplasms were the most common, followed by glandular, vascular, oral cavity and reproductive tract neoplasms. Neoplastic processes in geriatric animals were more frequent than in young animals. Breast neoplasms, myxoid neoplasms and lymphomas were the most common. Other tumors included hemangiosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, salivary adenoma, odor gland adenoma, adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, perivascular wall tumor, pleomorphic sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and histiocytic sarcoma. We observed that spontaneous neoplasms in pet rodents are common and that they resemble neoplasms already diagnosed in companion animals. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical markers used for neoplasms in domestic animals were efficient for these species. The second article aimed to describe the macroscopic and histopathological aspects of metastatic extramedullary plasmacytoma in a hedgehog (Coendou prehensilis). The animal, from the Dois Irmãos State Park, Recife-PE, was found dead in the enclosure. At necropsy, a mass involving the aorta, cranial vena cava, trachea and esophagus was found at the level of the mediastinum. Multiple nodules were also present in the duodenum and renal parenchyma. Histopathological examination of the mass revealed a densely cellular round cell neoplasm with abundant eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm. The cores were decentralized with a “wagon wheel” pattern. This same cellularity was observed in the duodenum, spleen, lymph nodes and kidneys. This is the first report of plasmacytoma in a porcupine species.

The tegu (Salvator merianae), the largest lizard in South America, in Fernando de Noronha is an invasive species and its management in the archipelago is extremely important, due to predation and competition of this species with local, endemic and/or threatened fauna, possibility of transmission of pathogens and seed dispersal of invasive plants. The objective of this research is to evaluate and compare the best capture strategy for tegu management in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Pernambuco State, Brazil. For this purpose, two types of traps were used (PVC tube funnel and live Tomahawk trap) interspersed in a 200m² forest fragment with an interval of 50m between them and two types of baits (chicken pieces and wet cat food in sachets) to compare the most efficient trap and bait in catching tegus. In total, 60 tegus were captured, of which 47 (78%) were captured in Tomahawk-type traps and 13 desired (21.7%) in funnel-type traps made of PVC tube. Regarding the use of baits, 35 Chis (58.3%) were captured in chicken bait traps and 25 Chis (41.7%) in wet cat food traps. In addition, physicochemical containment and biometrics of captured animals were carried out to assess and monitor the pattern of species on the island. There was no statistically significant association between the type of trap (funnel made of PVC tube and Tomahawk) and the type of bait used (chicken pieces and wet cat food) (χ2 = 2.36; p = 0.12), however, capture success was greatest in the Tomahawk trap, regardless of the bait used. This work was the first to compare methods of capture of this species on the island of Fernando de Noronha, allowing to evaluate the cost of hours and sampling effort needed to implement a broad tegus management program in this archipelago and to indicate management measures with the intention of improving the conservation of the island's biodiversity.

The aim of this study was to describe the role of veterinarians in public health services in the Federative Units (FU) and Capitals of the Northeast Region of Brazil. Data were collected from the National Registry of Health Establishments System (CNES) of the Ministry of Health, referring to the nine FUs in the Northeast Region of Brazil: Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe. The month of October 2021 was considered, the last period of data accessible on the CNES, public and private establishments that had at least one veterinarian registered in each FU were selected and information was collected, related to the number of active veterinarians, type of establishment, description of the legal nature of the establishment, type of establishment management, type of work (professional or resident), type of bond (contractors or servants) and workload of the professionals. There were 1317 records of veterinarians, 299 in the state of Pernambuco (22.70%) and 68 in the capital Recife (5.16%). Among the 1,794 municipalities in the northeast region, 743 (41.42 %) have registered professionals, and the state of Paraíba has the highest ratio (3.45) of veterinarians per 100,000 inhabitants, whereas Recife stands out among the capitals (3.45). 4.09). Regarding the bond, 1201 (91.19%) professionals are registered in municipal management establishments, 544 (41.31%) are bound to the Municipal Health Departments and 529 (40.17%) to the Health Surveillance, 728 (55.28%) are civil servants and 537 (40.77%) are hired professionals, 446 (33.86%) have a workload of up to 24 hours per week working in the outpatient sector. The results show the low number of veterinarians in municipal and state health services, especially in the Primary Health Care sector, as well as the precariousness of the employment relationship and an unequal distribution in the number of professionals between the different FUs and capitals of the Northeast region. Given the importance of the veterinarian inserted in the actions of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS, in Portuguese), it is expected that the results of this study define guiding parameters for the formulation of public policies aimed at the human resources of municipal and state health departments and promote Positions and Careers Plans aimed at the category of professional veterinarians.

The hematological and biochemical evaluation reflects the health and productive status of the animals and may vary according to the environment and rearing system to which they are submitted. The objective of this study was to determine the hematological and biochemical profile of Lacaune sheep raised in the Zona da Mata of Pernambuco. Sixtyone healthy Lacaune sheep, aged between three and 24 months, raised in a semi-intensive system, in the municipality of Pombos, Pernambuco, were used. The animals were divided into four groups: G1 (N=32), aged from three to twelve months; G2 (N=29) between thirteen and 24 months; G3 (N=13) composed of males and G4 (N=48) composed of females. The study animals were selected after clinical, hematological and egg count examinations per gram, and only those with expected values for the species and with low parasite load were used. From the selected sheep, a blood and serum sample was collected in the morning for the determination of hematological and biochemical analyzes (total proteins, albumin, creatinine, urea, AST, ALT, GGT, alcaline phosphatase, serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron). When evaluating the results obtained for the hematological and biochemical tests, it was found that the mean values of Red Blood Cells (11.37±0.25x106/µL), Blood Volume (43.85±0.84%), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (24.40±0.30%) and Platelets (479.93±35.51x10³/mm³) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in G1 animals, as well as Albumin (3.24± 0.05mg/dL), Gamma GT (68.15±2.45U/L), Alkaline Phosphatase (557.87±41.17U/L) and Iron (207.84±7.20μg/dL). The results of ALT (22.80±0.80U/L) and Monocytes (1.03±0.22%) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in G2 animals compared to G1 animals. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in all parameters analyzed, when comparing the sexes. With this study, it was possible to determine the normality values of Lacaune sheep raised in Zona da Mata, Northeast, which will help in establishing the diagnosis, as well as determining prognosis and planning therapeutic options within the established age groups.

Although intraoperative anatomopathological assessment has been a reality in medicine since the beginning of the last century, and its accuracy approved for use in animals, little applicability has made in veterinary medicine. Specifically, head and neck neoplasms are focus of emerging specialties in small animal medicine like ophthalmology and dentistry, which denotes an urgency in investigating the applicability of the technique in these places. The present study aimed to investigate the accuracy of the histological technique of intraoperative frozen section in diagnosing neoplasms and to evaluate the involvement of surgical margins in neoplastic processes in the head and neck of dogs and cats. Thirty-eight tumor excision surgical procedures were monitored between February and December 2021in the surgical routine of veterinary ophthalmology service, as well as in the technicians and residents in the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (HOVET-UFRPE). The samples has submitted to frozen section technique of histopathological evaluation and the results has compared with traditional technique of anatomohistopathological diagnosis. Adaptations to the freezing cutting technique were carried out through the use of dry ice, a by-product of dry ice manufacture, which was used both to improve the macroscopic approach of the samples, and as a method of microtomy refrigeration. The methodology used also made use of a portable sliding microtome to replace the cryostat. In total, 29 canines and 9 felines participated in this research, which 57 tumor structures has excised and evaluated, in addition to 79 analyzes of intraoperative margins, between lateral and deep margins. Analyzing the frequency, the most common sites of occurrence were 25 lesions in the eye, 12 in the neck and six in the face, while the most frequent morphological diagnoses were 11 sebaceous adenomas, 9 squamous cell carcinomas and 5 mast cell tumors. An accuracy observed of 94.8%, with a sensitivity of 95.5% and a specificity of 94.3% and a kappa agreement index of 0.9 for the ability to distinguish between benign and malignant processes. Regarding the ability to distinguish between neoplastic and non-neoplastic processes, an accuracy of 91.23%, sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 92.3% has identified. For the analysis of intraoperative margins, good results has also observed, with an accuracy of 91.14%, specificity of 93.22% and sensitivity of 85%. These findings are superior to studies carried out in both medicine and veterinary medicine, indicating that the transsurgical anatomopathology of head and neck tumors using dry ice and freezing microtome is an applicable, fast, simple and low-cost alternative, improving follow-up of cancer patients.

Mastitis is the disease that causes the greatest damage in dairy herds, as it causes a decrease in milk production, animal disposal and milk infected or contaminated with residues. To control this infection, antibiotic-based treatments are performed without medical advice and this is favoring the selection of resistant microorganisms. The use of plant extracts to fight infections of the mammary glands is already studied in order to reduce the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. Lippia origanoides is a plant rich in essential oils and other bioactive substances that have strong antimicrobial potential, showing inhibition of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus spp., considered important causes of infections in humans and animals. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Lippia origanoides extract against bacteria isolated from cases of mastitis in cattle. After obtaining the hydroalcoholic extract, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to identify the major compounds. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was evaluated by the broth microdilution technique, and for conventional antibiotics, by the disk-diffusion test, against bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus spp. isolated from cases of mastitis in cattle. HPLC analysis revealed three major compounds that belong to the flavonoid group. The extract showed antibacterial activity against all samples tested, with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration ranging from 187,5 to 1.500 μg/mL. In the disk diffusion test, a resistance profile to the antibiotics penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin and cefoxitin was observed, with emphasis on the β-lactam penicillin, which was the antibiotic with the highest resistance rate. The extract of L. origanoides has a high content of flavonoids and has shown promising results as an antibacterial compound, and may be a low-cost alternative for the treatment of mastitis in cattle.

Abstract

Medial shoulder instability (IMO), bicipital tenopathy (TB) and iliopsoas myopathy (IOM) are underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed diseases in veterinary medicine. With this, we aim to determine their prevalence and associated risk factors from a clinical-epidemiological evaluation of dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (HV/UFRPE). For the clinical diagnosis of IMO, shoulder abduction tests, deepening of the greater tuberosity of the humerus, medial-lateral drawer were performed, and the presence of muscle atrophy and pain during movements of flexion, extension and abduction of the limb was also observed. For TB, the pain test on palpation of the biceps tendon, the retraction test of the distal insertion of the biceps, elbow extension range and caudal hyperextension of the shoulder joint were performed. For MIP, the coxofemoral extension test with internal rotation of the femur, palpation of the iliopsoas insertion tendon on the lesser trochanter, palpation of the components of the muscle ventral to the body of the ilium and in the lumbosacral ventrocaudal vertebral region were performed. 500 dogs were evaluated, of which 43.6% were positive for IMO, 15.6% for TB and 29.6% were positive for MIP in at least one of the tests. There were no variants with statistical significance (P<0.05) for IMO, but for TB there were for neutered dogs and patients with orthopedic disorders, thus being more predisposed to develop TB. For MIP, there was statistical significance for the following variables: sex, animals with orthopedic disorders, castrated, large, adult, and patients with chronic diseases. Our study provides important information on the prevalence of TB, IMO and MIP in dogs.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Sloths (Bradypus Variegatus) are commonly found in Brazil and although this species is not endangered, it is directly or indirectly affected by human action, for example: car accidents with collisions, deforestation, hunting for consumption of exotic meat and pesticide poisoning occur frequently. The species is more vulnerable due to its behavior and physiological characteristics, such as slow movement. They use camouflage as their main defense mechanism. Several studies on ecology, reproduction and nutritional aspects of wild animals have already been published, however, most anatomical characteristics are described in a generalist way or remain unknown. Veterinary ophthalmology is an expanding field and research in comparative ophthalmology produces a range area of knowledge that allows the understanding of different evolutionary processes among species. The ocular surface is of vital importance for vision, being in direct contact with the environment, it is vulnerable to dryness, injuries and pathogens and therefore has a complex mechanism for maintaining its homeostasis. It is composed of the conjunctiva and cornea, which, together with elements such as the lacrimal gland, lacrimal drainage apparatus and eyelids, maintain a healthy ocular surface. Sloths (Bradypus variegatus) may be affected by several ocular diseases, such as occurs with humans, due to different etiologies, thus the importance of characterizing the normal tissues of the ocular surface in these animals since studies on the sloth ocular anatomy and physiology are still scarce. Material and methods: For the development of the histomorphometric study of the ocular surface, eyes were collected from animals sent to the CETAS that died for reasons unrelated to this research. The eyes were fixed in Davidson's medium and sent to the Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco and processed for inclusion in paraplast blocks, cut to a thickness of 5μm with the aid of a rotary microtome (Leica, 181 RM2125RT, Germany), placed on glass slides and identified according to the standardized technique of the Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory of UFRPE (LOE-UFRPE) and stained by the Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) technique, and Schiff's Periodic Acid (PAS), tricomic masson, and then submitted to evaluation by light microscopy. For histometry, they were photographed and processed with the aid of the WCIF ImageJ® computer program.  The present study aimed to characterize the normal anatomy and physiology of the ocular surface of this species. Results: Anatomical, histological, and histochemical characteristicas of the lacrimal gland, the superficial and profound glands of the third eyelid, palpebral glands, cornea and limbus of the Bradypus variegatus were described. Structural differences were not observed between males and females.  Histologic examination revealed tarsus, tarsal glands and cilia were not present.  Instead, well-developed sebaceous glands associated with accessory hairs along the palpebrae were present. The inner face of the eyelids is lined with the palpebral conjunctiva, which consists of a thin layer of loose connective tissue with a stratified epithelium. Mixed-secreting accessory lacrimal glands were noted in the deep stroma of both palpebrae. The lacrimal gland was situated in the dorsolateral angle of the orbit between the dorsal rectus and the lateral rectus muscles. Histologically, the gland is a tubuloalveolar type. The third eyelid protrudes from the medial canthus over the anterior surface of the globe, its cartilage resembles an anchor in shape. The stroma of the nictitans consists of loose to dense connective tissue that supports glandular and lymphoid tissue. Histological and histochemical examination revealed a superficial and a deep (hardenian) glandular tissue. The deep gland is large and situated in the anteroventral region of the orbit. It is a compound branched, tubulo-alveolar, with a single layer or columnar cells. The cornea is elliptical in shape, with a horizontal diameter greater than the vertical. The anterior epithelium consists of a single cell layer of basal cells, which are columnar in shape and lie on a thin basement membrane; two three layers of polyhedral cells; and three layers of nonkeratinized squamous cells. Basmet membrane is absent. Conclusion: The sloth´s (Bradypus variegatus) do not have tarsus, meibonian glands and cilia. Its lacrimal glandular system is formed by the main lacrimal gland, superficial and deep gland (hardenian gland) of the third eyelid. The eyelids has accessory lacrimal glands. The cornea bowman's membrane is not present and vessels were observed in corneal superficial stroma.

Surgical correction of cranial cruciate ligament rupture is the most effective form of treatment, with excellent long-term results, depending on the technique used. Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) is one of the most used to correct the resulting instability. The purpose of this research was 1) to develop a mathematical formula to calculate the rotation of the proximal fragment, at values greater than 5 degrees, in TPLO (from 8 to 12 degrees), as well as 2) to evaluate in the vPOP-PRO program what it is the correct angulation of the proximal screws in TPLO plates available on the market and. Five tables were created with final tibial plateau angles (APTf) between 8 and 12 degrees, from initial tibial plateau angles (APTi) ranging between 15 and 50 degrees, and saws with a radius between 8 and 30 mm. Analyzing the tables generated in 40 mediolateral radiographs of dog tibiae, it was observed that there was a statistical difference (p<0.05) between the final angulations expected by the tables and the final angulations obtained in Vpop-pro, in relation to the tibial plateau angle. Proximal screw angulations were tested on 68 radiographic images of dog tibiae in caudocranial projection. All measurements and angulation of the plates in relation to the screws were performed using the vPOP-PRO software. The means of the angulations that the screws should be on the Lincevet® and Fixin® plates were respectively (15.6 ± 4.66 and 14.8 ± 3.97). There was a significant difference in the angle between the two brands (p < 0.05).

Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1), is among the most important viruses that infect avian species worldwide. This virus poses a serious threat, especially to the poultry industry, with the potential to cause significant economic losses. Given its wide circulation in the world and the wide range of existing genotypes, there is a high risk of reintroduction of virulent strains in the Brazilian domestic poultry industry, making surveillance of wild and domestic birds in our country a crucial process to adequately respond to new outbreaks. . Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out an investigation of the records of the circulates genotypes of the VDN in Latin America (AL) and to determine the occurrence and phylogenetic characterization of APMV-1 strains in free-ranging pigeons in the state of Pernambuco, region Northeast of Brazil. In this work, we describe the characterization of the genome of a virulent strain of NDV isolated from pigeons (Columba livia) in the state of Pernambuco. The strain found belongs to genotype VI, class II. Considered a virulent strain for pigeons and after several passages through production birds (Gallus gallus domesticus) it can also become virulent. Furthermore, we noticed that the strains most commonly found in AL belong to genotypes I, V, VI, VII, XII and XVI, all belonging to class II. We also noticed a lack of information on viral and epidemiological diversity regarding APMV-1 in LA. This fact demonstrates the importance of identifying possible isolates with the potential to cause outbreaks in our country.

The artisanal coalho cheese chain has great socioeconomic and cultural importance, and it is necessary to comply with specific regulations. Regarding the impacts of the pandemic, the analyzes were mainly focused on urban áreas. In this way, structured interviews were carried out using the Google Forms tool (Survey method) with milk producers and artisanal coalho cheese in the Seridó region, Rio Grande do Norte from 2019 to 2020, distributed in visits to properties, meetings in cooperatives, fairs and local commerce. The answers were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results show that producers have a lot of experience in the activity, as well as a greater female participation; only 7% work exclusively in milk production, prevailing the family production system, with low volume, in which the procedures of good agricultural practices are deficient. With regard to the production of artisanal coalho cheese, the producer preserves family traditions, with 4% of hired labor. Therefore, the family income comes, above all, from cheese, which is sold, in large parti, to middlemen. It was found the absence of good manufacturing practices and misinformation about the legislation. As for Covid-19, producers obtained a lot of information, which was crucial for them to adhere to health protocols; an instability was noticed in the production and commercialization sectors, as a consequence of the restriction/flexibilization measures to commerce and fairs; consumers have increased the demand with milk quality and artisanal coalho cheese. It was also verified the lack of support from the public power to the maintenance of the activity in 78, 7% of the interviewees; 83% resorted to emergency aid. Therefore, currently, milk production and artisanal coalho cheese systems are based on historical-cultural knowledge, revealing the lack of knowledge of hygienic-sanitary norms, with little access to training, technical assistance and legislation. In relation to Covid-19, the challenges posed by the pandemic are not just sanitary, affecting the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors, a tripod of paramount socioeconomic importance for the country. These results can provide decisive evidence on the context of artisanal cheeses in the country, as well as contribute to corrective actions and improvement initiatives, serving as a foundation for public policies, health and educational actions throughout the chain.

Doença óssea metabólica acomete frequentemente os répteis, mais comumente os testudines de cativeiro, sendo a tomografia computadorizada é uma técnica precisa, acurada e precoce para seu diagnóstico. Objetivou-se com este estudo estimar valores densitométricos do osso de seis espécies de cágados de cativeiro e uma espécie de vida livre, a fim de investigar a ocorrência de osteoporose. Para a pesquisa foram utilizados animais provenientes do Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, sendo seis espécies de testudines brasileiros com uma amostra de 10 cágados-de-barbicha de cada espécie, a se saber, Kinosternon scorpioides (muçuã); Podocnemis unifilis (tracajá), Podocnemis expansa (tartaruga-da-amazônia), Trachemys dorbignyi (Tigre-d’água), Mesoclemmys tuberculata (cágado-do-nordeste), Phrynops geoffroanus (cágado-de-barbicha) e também 08 cágados de vida livre da espécie Phrynops geoffroanus (cágado-debarbicha), resgatados dos efluentes da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Capibaribe, em RecifePE. Exames de triagem envolveram avaliação clínica e tomográfica. Valores osteodensitométricos médios foram estabelecidos apresentando diferenças estatísticas entre as espécies, fato que reforça a necessidade de estudos espécie-específicos. Entre as espécies Kinosternon scorpioides e Trachemys dorbignyi verificou-se uma variação significativa dos valores densitométricos entre as vértebras dorsais, indicando que a média dos valores densitométricos das três vértebras dorsais seja uma medida mais precisa. Em animais de vida livre, a análise tomográfica revelou que todos os cágados apresentavam alterações ósseas, estando entre os achados identificados desmineralização óssea, padrão trabecular grosseiro, reabsorção óssea subperiosteal, deformidade de vértebras dorsais e fratura do casco. Tendo em vista que os cágados são considerados biomarcadores da qualidade das águas, a alta ocorrência de alterações ósseas sugere associação com a poluição ambiental sendo este um fator de alerta para a conservação do ecossistema da bacia do Capibaribe. Espera-se que os resultados destes estudos contribuam para a preservação e melhoria da qualidade e expectativa de vida das espécies estudadas.

Obtaining a mydriasis is essential for ophthalmologic examination and the measurement of the pupil is of great value for studies and follow-up of ocular pathologies. Birds have their ophthalmic particularities, including iris muscle fibers that are striated. These striated fibers are not relaxed with the use of parasypatholytic ophthalmic eye drops commonly used in routine, however, the use of neuromuscular blockers has been a great ally to obtain mydriasis in these species. Currently, traditional pupillary measurement methods are based on the circular form, not fitting with all forms of pupils of animals. There is a need to adapt methods that can be applied in other species. Photographs were taken with the iPhone 12 in direct light (320 luxes) with a distance of 10 cm from the eye of 29 quails(Coturnix coturnix) that was instilled repeated drops of rocuronium bromide (0.2mg) in the right eye until mydriasis and/or arresponsiveness to light was reached. The eyes were photographed with a millimeter ruler above the eye, in parallel, to calibrate the methods by points, circular and diameters. The results showed that the methods for measuring pupilometry are easy to perform and applicability. Satisfactory pupillary dilation, duration of expected blockage, quemosis and akinesia of the upper eyelid were obtained. Intraocular pressure and tear production test without alterations and there was no formation of corneal ulcer. There were no serious side effects. It is concluded that rocuronium bromide produces a mydriasis satisfactorily and safely in quails (Coturnix coturnix) and that the use of pupillometry methods are easily applicable and with satisfactory results in the routine after the adoption of the most appropriate method. Finally, attention should be paid to the anatomical peculiarities of the species to be evaluated in order to avoid result bias.

The evaluations of the metabolites glucose, insulin, triglycerides, NEFA, Vit B12, ALT, AST and GGT are very important for the understanding of the digestive efficiency and the use of the established diets. In this work, they were evaluated in four different periods interspersed every thirty days together with the curves, but the curves were collected at seven different times: fasting, and at times 30min, 60min, 90min, 120min, 180min and 240min from the beginning of the food supply. The objective was to evaluate the concentrations of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, NEFA, Vit B12, ALT, AST and GGT in mares supplemented with concentrate containing a high content of fat and fiber. The diets were established with commercial concentrate containing Tifton hay, high concentration of soybean oil, six females and Arabian were used (age: ~ 14 years; weight: ~ 370kg, body score: 4-6), in a state of maintenance, kept in a dry lot, with free access to Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.), mineral salt and water ad libitum. Prior to the study, the animals went through a wash out of 30 days, not receiving supplementation with grains and / or commercial concentrates. In the experimental design, a factorial with six mares and three treatments (0.860 grams of corn (control); 0.970 kg and 1.930 kg commercial concentrate) was used. Blood samples were taken at four different times, all of which were fasted: Pre-test, 30 days, 60 days and 90 days from the beginning of the concentrate supply. The results were submitted to ANOVA and the Tukey test (p <0.05). For serial collections every thirty days, significant statistical differences were observed for the concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, NEFA and VIT. B12, for the collections of the curves, significant statistical differences were observed in the treatments for the concentrations of glucose, VIT B 12 and insulin, with no statistical difference in the other evaluated items.

Grains play an important role in the production system as a basic ingredient in animal diets. Due to crop interferences, grains handling failures in the field and mainly their inadequate storage, they provide vulnerability of these grains to the action of fungi. The impacts caused by fungi within the production chain lead to low profitability of animal production due to the lower quality and productivity of the raw material. The mycotoxins that are most commonly related to the impact on the poultry production system are T2 toxins, fumonisins and aflatoxins. Considering the importance of the quality of raw material supplied to birds and the existence of few studies carried out with commercial laying hens, in addition to the absence of analysis of the dynamics of triggering mycotoxicosis for a prolonged period, this study aimed to study the cumulative and synergistic effect of mycotoxins in laying hens for a period of 32 to 68 weeks of age, during the peak production phase. For this, in a commercial laying hen farm in the Agreste region of the state of Pernambuco, samples of the manufactured rations were collected and analyzed using the immunochromatography technique to detect trichothecenes (T2), aflatoxins and fumonisins. Monthly, five birds were selected at random from each group of birds (A, B and C), afterwards the birds were euthanized and collected from liver and kidney blood samples. The blood was centrifuged to obtain the serum for analysis of serum biochemical tests of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, creatine kinase, total proteins, uric acid, cholesterol and urea. The kidney and liver fragments were processed by histological techniques for further histopathological analysis. The results of analysis of mycotoxins present in manufactured diets consisted of lower values than the levels recommended for layers and characterizing underdosing throughout the study. The histopathological renal lesions found were membranoproliferative, membranous and proliferative glomerulopathy, hyperemia, nephritis, nephrosis, necrosis and tulare proteinosis. The histopathological liver lesions found consisted of steatosis, vacuolar degeneration, hepatitis, hypertrophy and microgranuloma of Kupffer cells, hepatocyte necrosis and bile duct proliferation. Serum biochemistry analyzes showed normality in uric acid, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase tests. The total protein, creatine kinase and urea tests obtained higher levels and the albumin test obtained lower levels than those recommended for layers. It was observed that there is a progressive and cumulative effect of kidney injuries depending on the age of the birds, directly correlated with the time of exposure and ingestion of mycotoxins. It is suggested that there is a progressive and cumulative effect of kidney and liver damage as a function of the age of the birds, directly correlated with the time of exposure and ingestion of multimycotoxins.

Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic mycosis usually associated with the traumatic implantation, from the skin, of the fungus of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. In Brazil, it is the most frequent subcutaneous mycosis and the severity of the clinical manifestation of the disease in cats can be directly related to the virulence of the fungi, the species involved and the different susceptibilities of individuals. The extracutaneous form is uncommon and may affect the eye without cutaneous involvement. Ocular manifestations have been described in human patients, including several cases of primary conjunctivitis caused by direct inoculation of the fungus. Some authors relate the ophthalmic clinical presentation to a disseminated infection or in immunocompromised, diabetic patients or those undergoing chronic treatment with corticosteroids. There are no previous reports of primary ocular sporotrichosis in cats. The definitive diagnosis is the isolation and identification of the agent in an appropriate culture medium and may include the correlation of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data with the direct examination of the lesions, through cytology of the exudate aspirated from the lesions. The objective of this work was to analyze clinical and cytological aspects of Sporothrix spp. in conjunctival samples of domestic cats (Felis catus) in order to add relevant information to help in the diagnosis and awareness of professionals about the possibility of this type of primary conjunctival infection. The animals used in this project were felines (Felis catus) with clinical suspicion of conjunctivitis by Sporothrix spp. treated at the outpatient clinic of the Clinic of Felines of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) submitted to cytological examination of the conjunctiva and isolation and identification of the agent in culture medium.

The extracellular matrix has been used in the veterinary surgical clinic, helping to treat large tissue loss, where its spontaneous repair does not occur or presents difficulties in its healing. In the orthopedic clinic, these injuries are associated with comminuted fractures caused by trauma or due to conditions that cause large bone injuries. There are several scientific reports on bone healing techniques with the aid of grafts, however, it is necessary to develop new techniques that are more easily used and easily obtainable, allowing for faster and more effective bone consolidation. The objective of this work was to use the extracellular matrix developed through bovine sclera in bone defects previously conceived in the skullcaps of rats and to verify if it has an attribute to assist in the regenerative process. The research took place using 30 rats (Rattus norvegicus, Wistar), divided into two groups: 15 animals belonged to the control group (CG) and the other 15 to the experiment group (EG), each group was further divided into three subgroups: Control subgroups (18, 33 and 63) and Subgroup experiments (18, 33 and 63), where these numbers indicate in days the evaluation periods for each subgroup, from the date of the surgical procedure. The results obtained in the histological analyzes were quite satisfactory as it showed us that the matrix not only served as a barrier preventing similar tissues from penetrating the bone gaps and interfering with the healing process, but also guided and served as a niche for osteogenic cells to occupy and promote bone regeneration, culminating in its osseointegration.

The objective was to characterize the red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) population received by the Pernambuco Wild Animal Screening Center in the period from 2016 to 2020. The survey resulted in 1,374 cataloged animals, mostly from the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil, through voluntary surrender of individuals. Of these, 531 (n=38.6%) were in captivity, with inadequate handling, resulting in poor clinical conditions. Of the 132 (9.6%) hospitalized animals, 41.6% (n=55) had traumatic injuries, where the attack by other animals corresponds to 38.2% (n=21) of the cause of origin. These attacks are also identified as the most frequent reason for the death of these individuals within CETAS during this period. In view of these data, it is possible to plan inspection and educational actions aimed at raising awareness among the population, especially in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, about the importance of preserving animals and the consequences of inadequate captive management, highlighting the role of CETAS in this scenario, encouraging the delivery of animals, so that they can be rehabilitated and returned to nature. Among the animals received, a red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria), female, adult, with a history of burns after a fire in a cane field was rescued and sent to the Wild Animal Screening Center of Pernambuco. The animal had carapace lesions and loss of corneal and bone plaques. Aiming to protect the animal until its recovery, the goal of the study was to build a 3D full-shell prosthesis, discussing the methodology and its adaptations, thus allowing it to be applied by other veterinarians. For 3D modeling, images of the animal were obtained by photogrammetry, these were treated by the software Regard3D 0.95 and Blender 2.78, and the final file was exported to MatterControl for printing. Polylactic acid was used as material, and the final prosthesis was finished in acrylic resin mimicking the camouflage of these animals. It can be said that the prosthesis was efficient and fulfilled the requirements by providing protection to the corneal plate bed until healing. The methodology used requires basic knowledge of the tools for the 3D modeling stage, and familiarity with the materials used in the finishing of the hull, advising the formation of a multidisciplinary team in these cases.

In view of the high frequency of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCLR) in dogs, the cranial tibial wedge ostectomy (CTWO) is one of the osteotomy techniques to reduce the angle of the tibial plateau (TPA) and thus cancel the cranial displacement of the proximal tibia in relation to the femoral condyles. The study aimed to use the center of rotation of angulation (CORA) method to position the CTWO wedge, first performing a graphic evaluation of the proposal and then applying the results to dogs affected with CrCLR. After determining the new method, analysis was performed on 19 radiographic images of the tibia of normal adult dogs to verify changes in the TPA and tibial shortening with this new technique. Subsequently, nine knees of seven dogs with CrCLR were operated, where the tibial fragments, proximal and distal, were fixed with a blocked plate and dynamic compression of TPLO and tension band, where the wedge was never less than 5 mm distal to the insertion of the patellar ligament, and in all cases, the fragments were aligned with the cranial cortex. He application of the technique allowed a reduction in the average TPA from 24.04 ° to 7.74 °. It can be seen that the mean of the TPA according to the alignment of the fragments varied from 7.73 to 8.03 °, with no significant difference between the three categories of alignment. TPA averages according to the height of the wedge ranged from 7.26 ° (5 mm below the insertion of the patellar ligament), to 8.47 ° (at the height of the distal) and was 7.74 ° when the height was in the CORA and the difference is significant. The mean bone shortening of 0.16 cm, which corresponds to the functional axis not considered significant to influence clinical recovery. Minor complications such as fragment fracture, wound dehiscence and traditional meniscus injury occurred in trhee animals without impairing functional recovery, with satisfactory change in lameness. The modified technique proved to be effective for leveling the plateau and inhibiting displacement cranial tibia, offering improvement in 100% of the dogs with minimal complications and tibial shortening, and with great satisfaction from the respective owners In addition, it provided enough space for stabilization with implants using plate with TPLO lock and auxiliary stabilization with tension band. The planning through the digital program Veterinary Preoperative Orthopedic Planning (vPOP), the alignment of the fragments by the cranial cortices, the proximal positioning of the wedge based on the CORA's location respecting 5mm of distance to the osteotomy of the proximal wedge line, the use of blocked TPLO plate and with dynamic compression, the wedge and plate positioning according to distances called D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 pre-established in the planning and the complementation of the stabilization with cranial pin in tension band seem to be important parameters to be respected to achieve success and functional recovery. It is recommended to evaluate the technique in a longer time and larger numbers of animals.

The implementation of good practices (GP) in food services as a tool for minimizing risks and supplying safe food by establishments is a necessary reality in places of tourist importance in Northeastern Brazil and neither always have the appropriate conditions of preparation to avoid contamination and risks to consumer health. The City of Recife joined the pilot project "Food Services Categorization Plan" established by “Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária” (Anvisa) for the 2014 World Cup and 77 of these establishments are located in shopping centers. The objective was to evaluate the health risk in 29 food services of a Shopping Center of the Sanitary District VI, categorized by the agents of the Sanitary Surveillance of Recife in October 2019 (third cycle) and compare findings with those from August 2013 to January 2014 (first cycle) and from January to May 2014 (second cycle). After the analysis it was found that five establishments (17.2%) were no longer in operation, 17 (71.0%) were classified as low sanitary risk, 5 (21.0%) as medium sanitary risk and 2 (8.0%) high sanitary risk. According to the comparison of cycles, from the 24 food services evaluated, 10 (42.0%) improved according to the advice they received, while 14 (58%) became worse. It is concluded that the implementation of good practices ensures an important tool to achieve better quality in controls and processes, offering safety food at these locations.

Hip dysplasia (HD) is a very common orthopedic alteration in dogs, which is characterized by laxity of the hip joint with consequent osteoarthritis of the constituent bone structures, generating from slight discomfort to acute or chronic pain. Triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) is an orthopedic procedure eligible as treatment for HD, and aims to increase the angle of ventro-acetabular version, covering and thus minimizing the sub-dislocation of the femoral head through the osteotomies of the pubis, ischium and ileus. Because it requires three surgical approaches, TPO is considered a complex technique and presents a high degree of difficulty with postoperative care. The work aimed to report and evaluate the performance of TPO from the implementation of a new surgical methodology that also allows sciatic osteotomy through the ventral pubic access, minimizing the possible complications related to the posterior sciatic approach. Twelve joints of 10 dogs with clinical and radiological diagnosis of HD were used, able, based on the results of these exams, to undergo TPO surgery. The patients were submitted to the surgical procedure through a double approach, performing the sciatic osteotomy using a double guide rhinotomy chisel, from the ventral pubic access. To facilitate osteotomy of the ileum body, the approach to this bone followed a new path, through the fibers of the middle gluteal muscle, with such a pelvic position, that the lateral surface of this bone would be parallel to the operating table. Through this surgical technique, it was possible to perform the sciatic osteotomy by approaching the pubis in all the animals in the study, showing good post-operative bone healing, increased coverage and joint congruence with clinical improvement. Based on this, it is concluded that it is possible to perform ischial osteotomy in the TPO surgical procedure through the ventral pubic access with the aid of a double guide chisel, offering good clinical, therapeutic and radiological results, minimizing the surgical time and eliminating possible complications related to the posterior approach of the ischium.

The popularity of dogs of brachycephalic breeds has increased considerably in recent years, which has triggered greater demand and consequently the breeding and reproduction without greater care about the anatomical changes related to these breeds. The objective of this work was to analyze the anatomofunctional patterns of the cardiorespiratory system in Shih Tzu dogs. For this purpose, 40 healthy Shih Tzus dogs were evaluated and with or without signs of brachycephalic syndrome, by means of the parameters obtained in hematological, radiographic, echocardiographic exams and blood pressure measurement. All primary changes observed in the syndrome could be observed in the animals studied, with nostril stenosis being the most frequent, followed by prolonged palate. The most frequent clinical signs were: reverse sneezing (66.67%), snoring (51.28%), coughing (48.71%) and tiredness (35.89%), in addition in 23.07% of cases the worsening of clinical signs with increasing temperature. It was possible to observe changes in the electrocardiogram, with arrhythmia being the most frequent finding (30%) caused by inspiratory effort, due to the anatomical changes observed in the brachycephalics. On radiographic examinations, it was possible to detect palate prolongation in 56.67% of the dogs and tracheal hypoplasia in only 10%. However, after echocardiographic examinations, it was not possible to correlate other diseases and cardiac disorders with brachycephalic syndrome.

The cornea is the most anterior structure of the eye and when healthy, it is smooth, spherical and transparent. Corneal disorders can be caused by several factors and if is not treated correctly, can lead to loss of vision. Due to the lack of studies in Brazil on the use of corneal extracellular matrix (ECM), the objective of this study was to evaluate corneal extracellular matrix of tilapia (TECM) in corneas of pigs experimentally submitted to keratoplasty and subsequent use for the treatment of dogs and cat with corneal diseases. Corneas of tilapia were decellularized with sodium hydroxide (0.5 M) and preserved in DMEM with glycerol solution for further in vitro analysis. Corneas were evaluated by the extraction and quantification of DNA and the statistical analysis of DNA had different results before (10.43 ± 3.84 ng/mg) and after decellularization (4.6 ± 2.15 ng/mg). TECM cultures showed no microbiological contaminants and cell cultures supported the growth of bovine MDBK, 3T3-L and fibroblast cells. In vivo assessments demonstrated corneal opacities in all animals that underwent keratectomy (KT) and in 92.8% (13/14) of the keratoplasty (KP) group. Corneal vascularization was present in 92,8% (13/14) animals of the KP group at day 30 postoperatively (PO) and was absent at day 60 PO in the KP and KT groups. At histologic evaluation vessels were present in the subgroups CP15 and CP30 and no vessels were observed in the subgroup CP60. Corneal reepithelization occurred in all animals of KP and KT groups. Gomori trichrome stains revealed that the TECM grafts were integrated into the cornea. Next, TECM were used in two dogs with deep ulcers and a cat with corneal sequestrum. After keratectomy TECM graft was sutured in the recipient cornea of case 1 with 8-0 polyglactin and in case 2 and case 3 with mononylon 10- 0. PO included topical antibiotic, topical cycloplegic and systemic anti-inflammatory. 30 days after surgery topical corticosteroid was introduced. At day 7 PO reepithelization was present in all animals and at day 60 all animals presented corneal transparency. Band pigmentation was present where keratoplasty was performed in case 1. Corneal nebula was present at graft surfaces in cases 2 and 3. Thus, TECM allowed cell growth, without cytotoxic effect, integrated into swine cornea, and was effective in the treatment of corneal sequestrum in a cat and complicated ulcers in dogs.

This thesis aimed to verify the occurrence of pathogenic agents in seabirds of the Atol das Rocas Biological Reserve, Rio Grande do Norte-RN, Brazil. Seabirds were captured on three expeditions in 2017 from June to November, totaling approximately 550 fieldwork hours. In each seabird, a clinical examination, sample collection, identification of the individual by placing metal bandigs and releasing them in the same capture area was performed. For the detection of Avian Influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and West Nile virus (WNV), oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected. The swabs were stored in microtubes containing 1 ml of buffered saline solution (PBS) pH 7.3-7.4, frozen in a freezer at -20 ° C and sent on dry ice for processing by qPCR. To detect anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies, blood was collected and blood serum was obtained, kept at -20ºC until processing, by the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT≥1: 5). In the investigation of hemoparasites, slides prepared with the blood smear were used, stained with the May-Grunwald-Giemsa technique modified by Rosenfeld and examined under an optical microscope. In total, 299 seabirds of seven species were sampled, of which 52 brown noddy (Anous stolidus), 26 black noddy (Anous minutus), 20 magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens), 120 sooty tern (Onychopriom fuscatus), 34 masked booby (Sula dactylatra), 27 brown boobies (Sula leucogaster), and 20 red-footed boobies (Sula sula), belonging to three families Sternidae, Fregatidae, and Sulidae and two orders, Charadriiformes and Suliformes. In virus research, all samples were considered negative for AIV, NDV and WNV in qPCR. In the search for anti-T. gondii antibodies, of the 272 samples tested, 20 (7.3%) were seropositive. Blood smears from 214 sea birds were analyzed. Eleven brown boobies were positive for Babesia sp. Due to the uniqueness of this island environment (the only atoll in the South Atlantic Ocean and the only atoll in Brazilian territory), which is home to the largest population of tropical seabirds in the western Atlantic Ocean, a continuous and systematic monitoring of these seabirds is suggested in order to promotion of one health in the Conservation Unit.

Forensic veterinary medicine is a multidisciplinary science based on the investigation of wildlife crimes. Creating new tools is essential for the maltreatment characterization being secure and effective. In view of this, the main of this work was to standardize and institute a Forensic Veterinary Pathology Expertise Protocol to evaluate injuries in wild animals originating from illegal wildlife trade. The protocol’s creation was based on principles of forensic medicine and comparative human traumatology, using three classes of animals: mammals, birds and reptiles. The protocol was applied to 100 wild animals, 58% (58/100) birds, 24% (24/100) reptiles and 18% (18/100) mammals, coming from the CETAS Tangará Wildlife Screening Center. The animals had their lesions documented and analyzed according to injuries observed. Of the 100 animals analyzed, 9% (09/100) after death were necropsied, 44.4% (04/09) reptiles, 33.3% (03/09) mammals and 22.2% (02/09) birds. In bird’s group, mechanical injuries were predominant, present in 46.5% (27/58) of the cases, most frequently for blunt injuries associated with gunshot wounds. In reptiles group, mechanical agents also predominated in 25% (06/24) of the cases, with a higher frequency of bruising injuries. In the group of mammals, the most common agents were mechanical associated with mixed, present in 44.4% (08/18) of cases, and blunt fracture injuries were most frequent associated with maltreatment (mixed order). In necropsied animals, cause of death was generally prevalent by biodynamic vulnerable agents (shock: distributive, cardiogenic and hypovolemic). Thus, it was concluded that the protocol proved to be a breakthrough in the field of forensic veterinary pathology, enabling the construction of a veterinary forensic document and that injuries observed predominantly acting alone or associated, in most blunt lesions, making it possible to infer that trafficked animals are subject to many traumas that directly collaborate in promoting ill-treatment and loss of biodiversity. This study is unprecedented in Brazil and its continuity will be maintained since the characterization of injuries and the establishment of the agents involved are fundamental in dynamics of wildlife crimes knowledge.

The objective was to evaluate the epidemiological aspects and the spatial distribution of cases of canine lymphoma in the Metropolitan Region of Recife-PE, Brazil, as well as to conduct an active search for articles on open access bases, on the same theme. The epidemiological data of 178 dogs were analyzed, 89 cases and 89 controls. For the active search of articles, the PubMed, SciELO and Scopus databases were used and the articles were selected, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, dealing with the epidemiological aspects associated with canine lymphoma. In the analysis of risk factors, information related to contact with carcinogens, food and housing of the animal was considered. The risk factors identified consisted of contact with humans undergoing chemotherapy / radiotherapy (OR = 13.54; p = 0.014), mixed feeding (OR = 5.59; p = 0.000), contact of the animal with paints and solvents (OR = 5.08; p = 0.014), housing next to a busy avenue or street (OR = 4.86; p = 0.000) and natural food (OR = 2.44; p = 0.014). The highest number of lymphoma cases was found in the southern region of the Recife, as well as in the northern region of Olinda. Regarding the active search, 38 articles were selected by the title in the initial screening, after reading the summary this total was reduced to six. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the occurrence of canine lymphomas diagnosed in the Recife Metropolitan Region is closely related to the exposure of environmental carcinogens and that the survey and analysis of the articles made it possible to detect the scarcity of studies directed to the epidemiological aspects of canine lymphomas, mainly the absence of studies on the main risk factors related to neoplasia, which has a dynamics strongly associated with the environment. The problem is aggravated when it comes to the north and northeast regions. In this way, investment in epidemiological studies becomes essential, since by establishing the risk factors for the neoplasia in question, actions can be directed towards promoting animal and human health.

Although the clinical and surgical routine of small animals presents a diversity of pathologies, there are few surveys regarding the casuistry of surgical conditions, mainly with data obtained from public veterinary hospitals. The objective of this dissertation was to perform a retrospective survey of the main surgical conditions at the Public Veterinary Hospital of Recife from June 2017 to December 2018. A total of 9,044 surgical files were analyzed, where 7,068 were from animals submitted to castration surgery, while general surgeries totaled 1,976 cases. A spreadsheet was created in the Microsoft Office Excel® program to perform a graphical analysis of the data obtained. The surgeries were divided into soft tissue, which consisted of surgeries involving skin and attachment, paratopia, digestive, reproductive, ophthalmologic, urinary, dental and oncological, in orthopedic and castration surgeries. It can be observed that in the castration surgeries the predominant public of tutors was of women with 75%. The canines represented 59% while 41% were felines. Females and SRD – animals with undefined breed – obtained a higher percentage of the sample. Age ranged from 6 months to 6 years old. Of the analyzed files, 442 animals were not submitted to surgery because they presented problems as thrombocytopenia, ectoparasites, or advanced age. In soft tissue and orthopedic surgery, the results regarding the profile of the tutor, sex, species and race did not diverge from castration surgery analysis. The main canine races of the study were SRD (60%), Poodle (11%), Pinscher (7%) and Pitbull (3%), while 97% of felines were SRD. As for soft tissue diseases, the main occurrences were reproductive system, 49%, followed by oncologic surgeries, 25%, skin and attachments 7%, and paratopia 6%. Of the total number of orthopedic surgeries, femoral fractures presented 18%, whereas limb amputation and colocephalectomy had 14% of the affections. Radio, ulna and tibia fractures presented a percentage of 6%. It is concluded that surgical conditions coming from the public hospital are well diversified, affecting several systems. It was concluded that the main surgical affections involved the reproductive system, oncological and orthopedic

The objective was to evaluate the reproductive diseases in Holstein cows, different diagnostic techniques for subclinical endometritis (ES) and to establish ultrasound standard in color Doppler mode to diagnose this disease. In the experiment 1 were evaluated Holstein cows (n = 478). Placenta retention (31.75%) and clinical endometritis (30.66%). In experiment 2, 138 Holstein cows, distributed in two groups, G1 and G2, were evaluated. G1 (n = 72) underwent gynecological examination assisted by ultrasonography and G2 (n = 66) assisted by DM. They were submitted to IATF and the diagnosis of pregnancy at 35 and 60 days. Regarding the conception rate, there was no statistical difference between the groups (P> 0.05). In the third experiment, Holstein cows was evaluated (n = 152) distributed in two groups C1 primiparous (n = 50) and C2 pluriparous (n = 76) with DM, CE, US and PVEndo with color Doppler, determination of BHB, FP and LT. DM was not influenced by the category (p <0.05). In the evaluation with US, there was presence of intrauterine echogenic secretion in 68.0% of C1 and 75.0% in C2. In the evaluation of the PVEndo to undertake with EC (r = 0.8336), BHB (r = 0.4648) and US (r = 0.3693) in C1. In C2 between EC (r = 0.7196) and US (0.2527). The conception rate was higher (p <0.05) in the cows that presented a score of PVEndo 1 and 2 in both groups. In the experiment 4 were evaluated 63 cows, distributed in 2 groups, T1(n=30) and T2(n=33). T1 received in the transition period 200g of protected fat earlier and T2 protein concentrate. The animals were monitored for BHB concentrations and the PVEndo with color Doppler in the transition period and the voluntary waiting period. It was concluded that placental retention and clinical endometritis were the main reproductive disorders recorded. DM and US are efficient for selecting cows for breeding. The ES had a higher prevalence in pluriparous. The US did not demonstrate specificity for the diagnosis of ES and PVEndo was shown to be efficient for the diagnosis of ES in dairy cows.

Overpopulation of dogs and cats is a worldwide social problem. Pediatric castration (from six weeks of age) has been promoted as part of the solution to ethically and effectively contain this serious problem, In addition pediatric castration is also important in preventing innumerable unwanted behaviors, medical conditions and diseases. While in the US, Canada and Europe this procedure is standard in the routine of veterinarians in Brazil is still under scrutiny, the subject is treated as novelty, always surrounded by much controversy and professionals seem intimidated by the technique. The objective of this literature review is to critically examine the scientific literature on early castration, to review the physiology of the puppy, the surgical techniques and anesthetic necessary for the procedure and to present the risks and benefits, helping the veterinarian to obtain scientific knowledge and rationale for critical analysis of the theme, the propagation of this practice and the awareness of tutors and public authorities.

The use of biotechnologies of canine semen has been requested more frequently by breeders. The protein composition of seminal plasma has aroused interest in many researchers and the proteins present in it have been associated with fertilization, functioning as key elements during this process. The advance in the feed and pet food market, mainly dogs, has been investing in research on ingredients and functional foods to meet the needs of different races and life stages, as well as improving the reproductive efficiency of these animals. Amino acid supplementation can be an important method for improving fertility in males. Glutamine is an amino acid present in many proteins and is the most abundant in blood plasma and tissues. Despite being present and participating in various metabolic processes, little is known about glutamine concentrations in seminal plasma of dogs. It is known that this amino acid participates in the metabolic pathways in the spermatozoid, where it is found in higher concentrations in the region of the intermediate piece, and is related to the protection against the oxidative stress of the gametes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine and glutamate supplementation in dogs of reproductive age. Nine dogs with ages ranging from 2 to 8 years were analyzed. Blood collections and semen were performed at three zero day moments; day twenty-eight and day fifty-six. Blood was analyzed to evaluate dog health and systemic concentration of glutamine, and semen was analyzed for morphofunctional characteristics and glutamine seminal plasma concentrations. The results showed that supplementation elevated glutamine concentration in the blood (P <0.05) as well as that there is a correlation with leukocyte and lymphocyte counts (R2 = 0.47). As regards glutamine concentration in seminal plasma, there was a significant correlation between seminal glutamine concentration and sperm concentration (R2 = 0.45), and that supplementation improved vigor parameters (16%), motility (11%) and concentration (33%) of spermatozoa in absolute values.

The study of breast neoplasms in female dogs favors tumor staging, surgical planning and patient prognosis. The BI-RADS® classification is considered a standard for reliable prognosis of breast malignancy in dogs with high sensitivity and specificity. Standardizing the description of the lesion and creating a nomenclature capable of indicating the degree of malignancy of the mammary neoplasms result in guiding, with more precision, the conduct to be followed. The aim was to associate the cytological and ultrasonographic findings with the BI-RADS® classification of breast nodules in female dogs from the care routine of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Universidade Federal Rural of Pernambuco - Garanhuns Academic Unit, from May to November of 2017. Ultrasonographic scans of 56 breast nodules were performed. Subsequently, the obtained images were classified within the BI-RADS® system. After the ultrasound examination, a cytological examination was performed using the fine-needle puncture technique. The obtained data were analyzed descriptively through absolute and relative frequencies. To evaluate the association between two categorical variables, they were used Pearson's Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test – when the condition for using the Chi-squared test was not checked – or Likelihood Ratio test – when Fisher Exact test could not be accomplished. In the application of the Likelihood Ratio test was obtained as a result p (1) = 0.008 representing a significant association at the level of 5%. With this study, it was obtained not only the characterization of the BIRADS ® system for ultrasound in female dogs, but also the association between the cytological grade of tumor malignancy and the categories implemented by the ultrasound examination.

With the advancement of research regarding the control of small animal pain in veterinary medicine, multimodal anesthesia has been gaining prominence since it acts on acute pain without causing side effects, such as continuous infusion of associated drugs : fentanyl, lidocaine and ketamine (FLK). The use of dexmedetomidine has been expanding in both human and veterinary medicine because of its selectivity and low side effect, with good results even with its use in isolated or associated continuous infusion. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the cortisol level of animals under continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine and dexmedetomidine plus ketamine, comparing them to animals anesthetized with FLK and without medication. For this, 40 dogs divided into 5 groups (GCO, GFLK, GCE, GDEX and GDEXCE) were evaluated in this study. All of them received preemptive analgesia with tramadol and general inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane after induction with propofol. Group GCO was considered the control for pain; the GFLK group, considered group for analgesia, received continuous infusion of 0.03 μg / kg / min of fentanyl, associated with 50 μg / kg / min of lidocaine and 10 μg / kg / min of ketamine, following an intravenous bolus of 5 μg / kg of fentanyl; the GCE group received at the time of surgery only ketamine at a dose of 10μg / kg / min in continuous infusion after intravenous administration of 2mg / kg; in group GDEX, continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine at the dose of 2 μg / kg diluted in a volume of 20 mL of 0.9% NaCl was administered starting with an infusion of 2 μg / kg in 5 minutes, followed by an infusion rate of 2 μg / kg / hr; In the GDEXCE group, this alpha-2 agonist was infused at a dose of 2 μg / kg / h diluted in 20 mL of NaCl 0.9% plus ketamine (0.5 mg / kg) by continuous infusion, a procedure adopted after infusion of dexmedetomidine at the dose of 2 μg / kg plus ketamine 2mg / kg, diluted in 20mL and infused in a time of 5 minutes. Blood samples were collected for evaluation of cortisol and glucose dosages for 5 moments: first collection before MPA, second collection after MPA, third collection after anesthetic induction, fourth collection during ovarian pedicle clamping and fifth collection after extubation. There was a significant reduction in cortisol dose in M4 of the GDEXCE group when compared to M4 of the GCO group, but the cortisol and glycemia values in M5 were influenced by the action of the drugs. Therefore, cortisol and glycemia are not considered to be effective parameters for the evaluation of transsurgical stress in dogs anesthetized with dexmedetomidine plus ketamine submitted to ovariohysterectomy; considering the hemodynamic and behavioral parameters in animals of the GDEXCE group, dexmedetomidine associated with ketamine reduced surgical stress in bitches submitted to ovariohysterectomy.

Breast neoplasms in felines are the third most frequent tumor in the species and although some studies have been carried out in this area in bitches, in cats, there is still much to be explored. The present study aims to evaluate the clinical, histopathological and laboratory aspects of cats with breast neoplasia. A total of 28 cats, aged between 5 and 17 years (± 10.29) were selected. Thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasonography, hemogram, serum biochemistry and cytology were performed, which were used for interpretation, tumor staging and pre- operative. A mastectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed according to the techniques of Fossum (2014) and histopathological study of the excised material. It was observed that 43.46% were castrated and that 67.86% used synthetic contraceptives. Regarding staging, 64.28% of the animals were in stage 3 (TNM 3), 21.43% in stage 1 (TNM 1) and 14.28% in stage 2 (TNM2). Among the clinical findings, ulceration was observed in 53.57% of the neoplasms analyzed. The most frequent breasts were the inguinal breasts (34.78%), followed by the caudal (32.61%), cranial (21.74%) and thoracic (10.87%) abomasals. Of the malignancies, 80.47% were malignant, and these were classified by histopathological examination in carcinomas. With regard to lymph node metastasis research, metastasis was observed in 21.43% of inguinal lymph nodes. Among the laboratory findings, we observed anemia in 14.28%, thrombocytopenia in 57.14%, leukocytosis in 31.71%, lymphopenia 75%, uremia 14.28%, increase in creatinine 14.28%, increase in aspartate amino transferase (AST) in 14.28% alanine amino transferase (ALT) in 7.14%, 19.04% Gama glutamyl transferase (GGT) high in 14.28% was found to be Alkaline Phosphatase (FA) with values above of the reference standards for the feline species. Analyzing the electrolytes, hyperchloremia was observed in 7.14% of the animals, hypernatremia in 100% of these, hypercalemia and hypofostatemia in 50%, hypercalcemia in 21.43% and increase in Magnesium levels in 77.78%. It is concluded that the evaluation of mammary neoplasias in felines helps in the clinical approach of these patients, enabling a more precise diagnosis and prognosis design and a more appropriate treatment, thus contributing to the improvement of the quality of life of these animals.

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture causes joint instability and is one of the most common causes of lameness in dogs. One of the most popular current surgical techniques for the treatment of this condition is the tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA). The main objectives were to compare the advance calculation methods described by Koch (2016), Ness (2011), the tibial plateau by Slocum (1993), the common tangent by Dennler et al. (2006) and the table with pre-established values according to the animal weight presented by Vezzoni (2010), also checking between the two stifles of the same animal, if the necessary advance would be the same; and whether the advancement required indicated by the methods used in the study is compatible with the size of cages manufactured in Brazil for standard TTA and TTA rapid technique. For this, digital radiographs of 80 knees from 40 dogs attended at a diagnostic imaging clinic were performed, excluding dogs presenting tibial plateau angle above 30 degrees. Then, the advance calculation methods in question were performed and these values were compared between themselves and between the two members of the same dog. In the present study, it was observed that there is no significant difference between the tibial plateau methods, Ness (2011) and Koch (2016) methods, but there is a difference between such methods and the common tangent methods and the table with pre-established measures by Vezzoni (2010). There was also a moderate confidence index when comparing the pre-defined frame method with all other methods, as well as the common tangent with all other methods except the tibial plateau method, which demonstrated a good reliability index. This positive result was also observed when compare the other methods among themselves. As to the side, no significant difference was observed between right and left limbs, except in the method described by Ness (2011) (p = 0.038). It was also observed in the research that the implants available in the Brazilian market, in most cases, are not exactly coincident with the measures found, being able to lead to a minor or excessive advancement of tibial tuberosity.

The objective of this study was to standardize a method for the diagnosis of inflammatory foci using infrared thermometry in healthy dogs and dogs that exhibit clinical signs of inflammation in the coxofemoral joint and to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Sucupira seed in dogs with inflammatory diseases of the coxofemoral joint. For the standardization of the use of the thermograph, 31 dogs, adults, of different races from the outpatient clinic of the UFRPE. All animals were referred to an air-conditioned room at 25 ° C, relative air humidity above 70%, where after a period of 20min the rectal temperature was recorded using a conventional clinical thermometer and the temperature on the axis of the Articulation in anteroposterior and lateral plugs by a digital thermograph for capturing electromagnetic waves in the infrared spectral band model TG165 from Flir Systems. In this work, in order to minimize the external interferences on the reading of the equipment, a PVC cannula coated with frosted black paint, with a length of 30cm was coupled to the equipment outlet. At the time of recording the temperature readings, the cannula and the equipment were juxtaposed over the desired region, after adequate positioning of the animal in each record. The focus, under these conditions, was equivalent to an area of 1.23cm2. The emissivity of the equipment was adjusted to e = 0.95 in all measurements. From a total of 31 animals evaluated, all previously submitted to a clinical evaluation, there was a significant difference between the normalized joint temperature values found for the groups of animals with inflammation in relation to the animals without articular disease, showing sensitivity of 80, 0%, specificity of 87.5% and method accuracy of 83.87%. In order to obtain the sucupira seed extract, it was prepared in preparations with Biotônico Fontoura in the proportion of 15% (m / v), generating an extract that was applied in the dose and 300 mg / kg (vo) in animals clinically positive for inflammation in the joint Hip. At times of t = 0, t = 10 days and t = 21 days, the body temperature and the temperature on the joint were measured in the lateral dimension (thermography), defining the FT factor as a parameter to measure the thermal transformations on the inflammation. As a result, it was verified that in sucupira-treated animals, significant changes occurred in the FT factor, denoting the positive effect of the extract on the containment of the inflammatory process associated with the inflammation on the joint. Animals treated with meloxican (0.1mg / kg) did not present significant variations of the FT factor, showing little effect on the inflammatory process. The rate of infinitesimal FT variation in animals treated with sucupira extract was 61% more effective than FT obtained for animals treated with meloxican. No significant changes in biochemical parameters, blood count and leukogram were observed in blood samples obtained after 21 days of treatment with sucupira extract.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the best day to perform the embryo transfer, using ultrasound Doppler morphological characteristics of the corpus luteum (CL) and blood perfusion by analyzing the points of pixels compared to the concentration of progesterone (P4) on the day of embryo transfer. Currently, in addition to morfoecogênicas characteristics obtained by the B-mode images, it is possible to evaluate changes in the uterine hemodynamics and ovarian throughout the estrous cycle and during pregnancy by Doppler color ultrasound. The intimate relationship between the secretory function of the CL and luteal blood perfusion during diestrus and pregnancy may help to select embryos to recipients. This work was divided into study according to the day of inovulção G1 (day 3), G2 (4th), G3 (5th) and G4 (6th) using in the experiment 30 mares crossbred receptor, the animals were selected randomly and evaluated only on the day of embryo transfer. The post ovulation characteristics examined were tone, morphoechogenicity and vascularization of the uterus, the cervix tone, diameter and corpus luteum area, objective vascularization (concentration of pixels) and vascularization subjective. Also, blood samples were taken to determine the serum concentration of progesterone. a high correlation between the serum concentration of P4 was found, the objective and the subjective vascularization vascularization of CL, indicating that the evaluation of the receiver using the Doppler ultrasound tool increases security in the selection of the recipient.

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Stryphnodendron fissuratum Mart, Leguminosae Mimosoideae, é uma árvore que tem ocorrência registrada apenas no Brasil. Seus frutos são conhecidos popularmente como “rosquinha”. O curso clínico da intoxicação de ruminantes por esta planta é apresentado através da apatia, pelos eriçados, atonia ou hipomotilidade do rúmen, fezes moles, fétidas de cor escura, decúbito external e ainda surtos de abortos em bovinos a campo. Os efeitos abortivos dessa planta foram comprovados experimentalmente em caprinos e mais recentemente suspeitou-se que a planta também pode ser a causa de malformações fetais. Por este motivo, objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar malformações fetais em cobaias (Cavia porcellus) e ratas wistar através da intoxicação experimental por S. fissuratum. No primeiro estudo, as cobaias foram divididas em quatro grupos constituídos por 16 animais, sendo um controle e três grupos que receberam ração comercial contendo as favas de S. fissuratum nas concentrações de 10, 20 e 40 g/kg/p.v, durante o período de organogênese. Nos Grupos 1-3, os principais sinais clínicos consistiram em anorexia, prostração, isolamento do grupo, ausência de vocalizações após o estímulo de oferecer alimentos tenros e diarréia. Nesses grupos ocorreram abortos e malformações. Esse estudo confirmou a toxicidade das favas de S. fissuratum para cobaias, com sinais clínicos e lesões similares àquelas relatadas anteriormente em bovinos. A redução significativa no número de crias nascidas e as malformações nos animais dos grupos experimentais sugerem que S. fissuratum afeta o desenvolvimento fetal e que é teratogênica. No segundo estudo, 24 ratas foram separadas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos sendo um controle. As favas maduras de S. fissuratum foram transformadas em um extrato hidroalcoólico a 70% concentrado em rotaevaporador. Nos grupos experimentais os animais receberam o extrato contendo 0,1 e 0,2g/dia/animal de acordo com o grupo, através da técnica de gavagem. As malformações em fetos das ratas que ingeriram o extrato foram observadas no G2 e indicam que a planta é teratogênica. No G3 não houve nascimento de fetos vivos, sugerindo que o aumento da concentração do extrato provocou maior reabsorção ou perda pós-implantação. De acordo com a análise histopatológica as ratas apresentaram alterações hepáticas e renais Estes dados sugerem que a planta afeta o desenvolvimento fetal. Apesar da comprovação de que as vagens de S. fissuratum são teratogênicas para cobaias e ratas wistar, para comprovar a hipótese de que a ingestão de vagens frescas dessa planta também provoca malformações em bovinos, são necessários novos experimentos nessa espécie com doses não tóxicas repetidas durante o período de organogênese.

The work was aimed to evaluate in the Semiárido and Zona da Mata regions the influence of male effect on estrous induction and synchronization, as well as pregnancy and prolificacy rates in nulliparous and pluriparous ewes of Santa Inês and Morada Nova breeds. Cycling females, were previously isolated from males for 30 days. The estrous was considered assynchronized whenit was detected up to day five after breeding season on set. In the first experiment, estrous were observed up to the 48th day of the breeding season in Santa Inês females and until the 54th day for Morada Nova females in Semiárido. In Zona da Mata, Santa Inês females displayed estrous until the 56th day, while Morada Nova females until the 46th day of the breeding season. In both Semiárido and Zona da Mata regions, most estrous were detected between the 11thand 15th day of the breeding season for Santa Inês and between 6thand 10th day for Morada Nova. In Semiárido, estrous synchronization in both breeds was observed in 10% of females. In Zona da Mata, only 10% of Santa Inês female and 15% of Morada Nova females had synchronized estrous (P > 0.05). In Semiárido, the total pregnancy on the first service was 45.00% and 52.94% on the second, since within the deliveries 85.18% were singletons and 14.81% were twins, with prolificacy of1.15±0.38.In Zona da Mata, total pregnancy was 42.50% for first, 64.70% on second service and total delivery was 86.20% of singletons, 12.06% of twin sand 3.33% of triplets with prolificacy of 1.15±0.31. Concluding that the male effect does not synchronize estrous of nulliparous ewes, but, induces and concentrates the majority of estrous within the first 15 days of the breeding season, and that the ovine species can be raised in both regions without any effect on reproductive efficiency. On the second experiment, the estrous of Santa Inês ewes varied from 90.0% to 96.6% and from 90.0% to 93.3% for Morada Nova, with no difference (P > 0.05) between breeds in Semiárido. In Zona da Mata, the estrous of Santa Inês ewe were from 100% and in Morada Nova varied from 93.3% to 100%, with no difference (P > 0.05) between breeds. The comparisons between regions did not show difference (P > 0.05) between breeds and within the same breed. In Semiárido, irrespectively of breed, 167/180 (92.7%) females displayed estrous until day 40 of the breeding season and synchronization in 55.0% of Santa Inês females and in 63.0% of Morada Nova females. In Zona da Mata, irrespectively of breed, 177/180 (98.3%) females showed estrous within 40 days and synchronization in 60.0% of Santa Inês females and in 64,0% of Morada Nova females. In Semiárido, pregnancy in Santa Inês females varied from 85.2% to 96.3% and within Morada Nova, varied from 85.7% to 92.8%, without difference (P > 0.05). In Zona da Mata, the percentages varied from 86.6% to 90.0% for Santa Inês females and within 90.0% to 93.1% for Morada Nova females, with no difference (P > 0.05) within these values. In Semiárido, irrespectively of breed, the prolificacy varied from 1.30 ± 0.45 to 1.35 ± 0.47 and in Zona da Mata of 1.35± 0.47 to 1.47 ± 0.48, did not differ between breeds in the same region and within regions. In conclusion, the male effect associated with breeding season duration is efficient to induce and synchronize estrous in cycling pluriparous females without affecting pregnancy and prolificacy, allowing the suggestion that breeding seasons of 35 days can be used in both regions.

Currently, simpler alternative has been sought for the treatment of complex wounds and to minimize costs , morbidity, to be easy to perform and showing good results. A variety of techniques can be used to reduce tension on wound closure, among them are the devices of skin expansion, which have been applied to facilitate alignment of the edges of lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the expansion of the skin of the ventral abdomen area of female dogs with the use of skin traction in wound closure after bilateral mastectomy. Were selected twelve females, without specificity of race and age, with breast tumors in both mammary chains and Indication for radical bilateral mastectomy. At surgery the technique applied to repair was the double " V ", to the thoracic glands, and "V" on the abdominal and inguinal glands. After the mastectomy was done approximation of the cutaneous margins in the regions cranial and caudal of the wound, leaving an open area of 4 cm caudal to the apex of the "V" formed by the meeting of sutures in the xiphoid region. This wound, considered the raw area, was divided into cranial and caudal, 50% each, and the cranial half was submitted to traction edges applying points in "U " that were placed on opposite sides of the cutaneous margins and submitted to three traction cycle, 10 minutes each one, with 1 minute intervals between them. Records of the initial wound area were performed before each pulled, called T0 and then, after each traction being called T1, T2 and T3 for the first, second and third cycle of , through decal on the spot, using a thin sheet of acetate, previously sterilized and drawed with a pen. After that, these images were scanned and their areas were calculated using the QCAD version 3.4 software. With the measures of the raw areas at different times was observed that the skin traction generated skin expansion, with greater intensity being observed after the first cycle, representing 61.37 %, and 70.88% of expansion after the third cycle. Furthermore, the technique reduced the pressure, facilitating the closure of 100% of the wounds after bilateral mastectomy. Thus, we concluded that skin traction is another technique for closure of extensive wounds in female dogs, especially when submitted to bilateral mastectomies for allowing the skin expansion.

This work aimed to evaluate the influence of propylene glycol and cobalt associated with vitamin B12 on the hemogram and blood proteinogram and colostrums of Santa Inês ewes in the period of transition and their offspring. The study was conducted in the Clínica de Bovinos experiment barn for small ruminants, Campus Garanhuns – UFRPE, using 18 pregnant ewes and their offspring (n=23). The ewes, after clinical examination, were divided randomly, 30 days before lambing, in three groups, Group 1 (G1/n=6), supplemented with propylene glycol (30mL oral way daily), Group 2 (G2/n=6) supplemented with cobalt (1mg cobalt chloride 1%, oral way daily) and vitamin B12 (2mg intramuscular way weekly) and the Group 3 (G3/n=6) control group. Supplementation of ewes was carried out for 30 days before the expected delivery date until the time of lambing. It was established for hemogram and the electrophoretic profile of blood serum of ewes eight experimental moments, 30 days before lambing, a week before lambing (antepartum), at the time of lambing, 24hPP, 72hPP, 05dsPP, 15 dsPP and 30dsPP and to assess the proteinogram of colostrum a single experimental time was established soon after lambing. For the lambs, it was established 11 experimental moments, before suckle colostrum (M0h), 6h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 7ds, 15ds, 30ds, 60ds and 90ds of life, except for the variables of the hemogram where no collection was made 6h and 12h of life. In sheep, supplementation with cobalt associated with vitamin B12 resulted in the elevation of the erythrocyte variables in the transition period, as well as the administration of both supplements in higher serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G. Among the acute phase proteins, the α1-acid glycoprotein was the most sensitive among the others identified in blood serum rising as a result of lambing. The administration of the supplements did not influence the concentration of the eight proteins identified in colostrum (IgA, lactoferrin, albumin, IgG heavy chain (IgGCP), β-casein, IgG light chain (IgGCL), β-lactoglobulin and α- lactalbumin) by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. In the hematological response it was found influence of cobalt administration associated with vitamin B12 in late pregnancy on the increase in erythrocyte parameters of lambs, and the belated reversal of the neutrophil ratio: lymphocyte. The administration of the supplements did not affect the transfer of passive immunity considered moderate to good for the lambs, as well as the dynamics of the proteinogram, where the latter was influenced by age factor, particularly by higher protein ceruloplasmin, α1 - acid glycoprotein , α1 - antitrypsin and transferrin in the first two weeks of life.

The variables analyzed were: Heart rate (HR), rhythm, mean electrical axis (MEA), P wave, QRS complex, PR and QT interval, ST segment andT wave. Results showed: FC (303±37,22 bpm); P (0,2±0,08 mV and 0,03±0,001 sec.); PR (0,07±0,001 sec.); QRS (0,36±0,34 mV and 0,03±0,01 sec.); QT (0,14±0,02 sec.). Normal sinus rhythm was dominant (100%), however, two animals presented suggestive pattern of left anterior fascicle block, and one animal, pattern of right branch block. The MEA varied from 0˚ a -150˚, with 40% of animals showing within the range +30˚ to +60˚. These findings may contribute to the recognition of abnormal rhythms in this species of primate, as well as to future investigations in cardiovascular diseases diagnosed in primates and humans. The objective of this work is to evaluate electrocardiographic profile in 20 saguis (Callithrix jacchus - Linnaeus, 1758) kept in captivity, undergoing anesthetic protocol with ketamine S(+) and midazolam.

The posture of Brazilian poultry farming is an important segment in the production of food of high biological value, which gives consumers a bullet full of essential nutrients. Companies producing eggs make investments to improve the health of birds and feeding system, with the development of automation, improved health and balanced diet for hens, besides the genetic improvement of commercial laying hens, hybrid, high genetic potential caged with high efficiency of egg production, costs were reduced and resulted in more nutritious product, uniform and cheaper for consumers, reflecting a dynamic process by which supplementation with antioxidant precursors of factors, with emphasis on selenium in organic form, exerts significant influence. In this study we evaluated the effects of selenium as selenomethionine, at different stages of creation of the birds. The first experiment evaluated the development of the digestive tract and the second evaluated the influence of supplementation on the morphology of the oviduct, where the birds received supplementation during different periods. The addition of selenium as selenomethionine, the diet of laying hens phase creates the production phase, either continuously or not, can afford it, the morphological point of view, development and maintenance of the epithelial mucosal layer of the intestine and oviduct, region magnum, isthmus and shell gland, indicating a possible cumulative effect of selenium in the body of the bird. When we evaluated the growth performance, significant differences between the groups supplemented and non-supplemented.

The standard four-beat gaited simulation test (TSM) had been used to evaluate four-beat gaited horses´s fitness levels. The objectives of this research were evaluated adaptation of blood electrolytes and biomarkers in equine submitted to TSM. It was used 16 horses (Campolina n=8 and Mangalarga-Marchador n=8), males and females, Age ~6,6 years-old. Blood samples were collected in: fasting (T0), immediately after the warm-up (T1), after 15 (T3) and 30 (T4) min of “marcha” phase and 15 min after recovery period (T5). It was collected: heat rate (FC), [Glucose], [Lactate], [TPP], Hematocrit, [Ca2+], [P+], [Cl-], [K+], [Na+], [Mg2+], [Triglycerides], [Total Cholesterol Total], [Glutamine] e [Glutamate]. Also it was measured horses' speed and distance. Results were analysed by one- and two-way ANOVA and post hoc Holm-Sidak test, with P<0.05. Horses did TSM at ~3.03 m/s, and fit horses had higher [Glucose] and [Lactate] when compared with unfit group (P<0.05). In addition, [TPP] and Hematocrit were higher in T4. [Ca2+] decreased and [P+] and [K+] elevated during the TSM (P<0.05). [Triglyceride] changed significantly but not [T-Cholesterol]. Finally, HR changes but were inside the higher limit to HR for aerobic exercise. In conclusion, "marcha" or four-beat gait is a typical aerobic exercise and produce metabolic adaptation to support horse’s energetic metabolism and electrolyte concentration in the blood.

An important function of corneal endothelial cells is to provide barrier and pump to maintain tissue transparency. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the RPMI tissue culture medium for mouse cornea preservation kept under refrigeration. In order to evaluate endothelium cells integrity and shape, corneas were processed, immediately after removal from medium, for light and scanning electron microscopy. Corneas became unavailable as of day 4 of storage, exhibiting morphological alterations, with cellular death characteristics and increased stromal thickness, indicating severe edema. It was concluded that RPMI medium is not viable to preserve corneas for penetrating keratoplasty, nevertheless, we believe that it may be used as a preservation medium for corneal lamellar grafts because it is maintained sterile.

As alterações ambientais no cultivo refletem diretamente na saúde animal, necessitando, por isso, avaliar sistematicamente o estado fisiológico. É importante ter um acompanhamento do estado animal durante todo o cultivo, possibilitando uma rápida intervenção quando for detectada qualquer anomalia. Os exames hematológicos é uma importante ferramenta para um diagnostico ou sinalização precoce e por isso objetivou-se com este estudo investigar os valores hematológicos para a tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae), cultivadas em Pernambuco. Foram analisados 109 peixes, com peso e comprimento médios de 525g e 27,7cm. Foram determinados o hematócrito, contagem de eritrócitos, leucócitos totais, trombócitos totais, contagem diferencial de leucócitos expressa em valores relativos e absolutos, taxa de hemoglobina, volume corpuscular médio (VCM), concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM) e hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM). Ao avaliar separadamente os peixes classificados em dois grupos, de acordo com a técnica de cultivo (viveiro e tanques-rede) observou-se grande heterogeneidade entre os dois grupos. O valor médio de eritrócitos de tilápias cultivadas em viveiro foi 2,14x106/µL e em tanque-rede de 1,86x106/µL, sendo em torno de 15% maior, assim como as médias de hemoglobina e de hematócrito, que foram respectivamente, 16,87% e 26,14% maiores para os peixes de viveiro. Também foi verificado diferença nas médias de trombócitos totais, leucócitos totais e linfócitos/µL, que foram 34,83%, 38,55%, 33,28% maiores no sangue das tilápias cultivadas em viveiro. Tais diferenças demonstram que perfis genéricos para hematologia de tilápias devem ser usados com cautela, devendo-se sempre que possível estabelecer valores específicos para a população que se quer aferir os parâmetros, para servirem como referência no acompanhamento da sanidade 

The lysozyme participates in the unspecified immunity can function as organic and its serial concentration an important immunologic parameter ofthe immune which indicates the general functionality lysozyme in equines, system in equines. The objective of this paper is to determine contents of serial of as well as to evaluate the sexual factor and the different circumstances work handling to which the animals are submitted to. Two hundred twenty eight equine serum samples from Brasilia (n=179) and Pernambuco (n=50) were collected and examined. The animals residing in Brasilia formed the GI which consists of castrated males and non- pregnant females and were divided in thee distinct categories of work (A-Horse-riding; B- Polo; C-Patrol). The equines residing in Pernambuco consists of nonpregnant females only and were divided in two work categories (D-no work; E Patrols). The concentration of lysozyme was determinate utilizing the immunodiffusion method via the simple radial technique of Mancini. In the serum analysis related to GI it was observed that the measurements and average standard deviation varied between 8,95 ± 0,8y/ml for the patrol equines, 8,19 ± 0,62 y/ml for the horse-riding equines and 7,85 ± 0,08 y/ml for the polo equines (p<0,05), indicating that there is significant difference between the categories of work, however, with regard to the sex, it did not have statistical significant difference. In the serum analysis related to GII it was observed that the patrol equines had gotten a higher average (9,54 ± 0,55 y/ml) in relation to the equines without work (8,62 ± 0,97 y/ml) (p<0,05) highlighting a statistical difference between the two work categories. After obtaining these data, comparative study was conducted among female patrol of GI and GII where a significant statistical difference was observed between the two groups. It is concluded that the management of work the animal is subjected to daily influence on serum levels of lysozyme, in the other hand, no difference was observed between serum lysozyme to non-pregnant females and castrated males.

Aiming to evaluate the ultrasonographic appearance of testis and epididymis of sheep in pubertal and peripubertal age in order to establish normal parameters for this stage of reproductive development, 38 animals clinically healthy were used, twenty Santa Inês breed and 18 crossbred (Dorper x Santa Inês). In Santa Ines lambs, periodic evaluations of the development of weight, measurements of biometric characteristics of the testes and ultrasound examinations of the testes and epididymis were performed from 84 to 280 days of age, at intervals of 28 days. In crossbreed lambs, the same evaluations were performed from 140 to 280 days. Was used Falco 100 (Pie Medical) ultrasound scanner and linear transducer of 8.0 MHz. Scans were performed in the sagittal, transverse, frontal and oblique planes on the testis and tails of right and left epididymis of each animal, evaluating the echotexture of the testicular parenchyma, mediastinum and epididymis cauda, and measuring the thickness mediastinum and testis width. The testicular parenchyma showed homogeneous echogenicity, ranging from low to moderate, which increased in direct proportion to the age, being higher in pubertal lambs when compared to pre-pubertal. The echogenicity and thickness of the mediastinum increased with age, being classified as diffuse, moderately and highly echogenic. The tail of the epididymis showed hypoechoic appearance in relation to the testicular parenchyma. It was observed mild calcification in the testis parenchyma of five crossbreed lambs as multifocal hyperechoic images. Results of this study showed that ultrasound imaging can be used as an additional resource in the selection and evaluation morphophisiological of breeding sheep in pubertal and peripubertal age , helping to identify and monitoring changes progressive occurring in the testes and epididymis at this stage of reproductive development.

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Resumo - O objetivo deste trabalho, foi avaliar a percepção sobre o conhecimento e profilaxia das zoonoses e posse responsável, entre os pais de alunos do pré-escolar e moradores de uma comunidade de Dois Irmãos na Região Metropolitana do Recife, PE, assim como realizar uma pesquisa de ovos de ancilostomatídeos e toxocarídeos no solo de residências e escolas. Para a realização do trabalho de percepção foram utilizados questionários com perguntas abertas e fechadas, aplicados a 64 pais de alunos do pré-escolar, e a 149 moradores da comunidade da Região Metropolitana do Recife ¿ PE. Observou-se nesse estudo que 71,8% dos pais e 83,9 % dos moradores desconhecem o significado do termo zoonose, porém, 16% e 0,67% (nesta ordem) souberam reconhecer pelo menos um tipo de zoonose. Por outro lado, as doenças transmitidas por animais, foram associadas a sua forma de transmissão. Os principais tipos de cuidados apontados para com os animais de estimação foram a vacinação anti-rábica para 65.1% dos pais e 92.2% dos moradores entrevistados. Seguida de tratamento anti-hemíntico devidamente prescrito por um médico Veterinário e cuidados higiênico-sanitários. Apenas 18,2% dos moradores e 23,4% dos pais entrevistados souberam responder que algumas parasitoses transmitidas por fezes de cães e gatos são zoonoses. A pesquisa de contaminação de amostras de solo por ovos de Ancylostoma spp e Toxocara spp realizada nas áreas de lazer de duas escolas e 149 residências da comunidade foram coletadas durante o verão e o inverno e analisadas através da técnica de centrifugoflutuação utilizando solução de sulfato de zinco a 33%. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram contaminação de 4.69% (07/149) por ovos de Ancylostoma spp e 8.73% (13/149) por ovos de Toxocara spp nas amostras de solo residenciais. Porém não foram recuperados ovos de nematódeos das amostras provenientes das áreas de lazer das escolas. Os resultados mostraram que a contaminação de seres humanos por helmintos com potencial zoonótico é maior no ambiente domiciliar do que fora deste. È possível concluir que para reduzir os riscos de zoonoses, é preciso a existência de programas de educação não apenas sobre riscos de adquirir doenças transmitidas dos animais aos humanos, mas também sobre posse responsável. Por outro lado, também foi demonstrado a importância do médico veterinário na prevenção destas doenças. 

PERFIL PROGESTERÔNICO ASSOCIADO À COLPOCITOLOGIA PARA DETERMINAR O MOMENTO IDEAL DA INSEMINAÇÃO E FETOMETRIA ULTRA-SONOGRÁFICA PARA PREVER O PARTO EM CADELAS

A real importância da Leptospirose para os pequenos ruminantes criados no Estado de Pernambuco ainda é pouco conhecida. A realização deste estudo teve como objetivo, pois, caracterizar alguns aspectos soroepidemiológicos da Leptospirose em rebanhos caprinos e ovinos das Mesorregiões do Estado de Pernambuco. Foram examinadas 631 amostras séricas, provenientes de caprinos e ovinos criados em rebanhos das Mesorregiões Metropolitana, Mata, Agreste e Sertão do Estado, pela Microtécnica de Soroaglutinação Microscópica, utilizando antígenos vivos de leptospiras. Amostras que apresentaram reação de aglutinação com titulo de 100 ou superior a um ou mais antígenos foram consideradas positivas. Os resultados sorológicos foram analisados mediante o teste não paramétrico de U Mann-Whitney, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da espécie ruminante ou dos fatores de risco mesorregionais sobre reatividade das amostras. A prevalência da infecção por leptospiras na população dos 18 rebanhos examinados foi de 33,8% (213/631), onde os caprinos contribuíram com 33,8% (100/296) e os ovinos com 33,7% (113/335). Dentre as 181 reações selecionadas pela importância clínico-epidemiológica das variantes sorológicas, com títulos que variaram de 100 a 3.200, predominaram autumnalis e patoc nos caprinos (60,7% e 14,2%, respectivamente) e nos ovinos (43,3% e 22,7%, respectivamente) sobre bratislava, icterohaemorragiae, castellonis e panama. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que infecção por leptospiras, com a provável relação da variante sorológica autumnalis com a baixa produtividade dos rebanhos, encontra-se amplamente disseminada na população examinada, não havendo influência da espécie, ovina ou caprina, e sim dos fatores de risco mesorregionais sobre a reatividade das amostras séricas. As evidências são, portanto, de que a Leptospirose é de importância relevante para os pequenos ruminantes criados no Estado de Pernambuco 

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a prevalência de anticorpos para Bruceilas abortus , Leptospira interrogans e a associação destes agentes em infecções com o Vírus da Diarréia Viral Bovina (BVDV) em bovinos de aptidão leiteria no Município de Sanharó, Estado de Pernambuco. Foram analisadas 150 amostras séricas de fêmeas através do Teste de Soroaglutinação lenta em tubos (SAT), Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado (ATA) e pela prova do 2-Mercaptoetanol (2-ME) para o diagnóstico de brucelose, Teste de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (MST) para Leptospira e Soroneutralização (SN) para BVDV. Os resultados mostraram 19.3% de amostras soropositivas a B. abortus, 2% para L. interrogans e 61.3% para BVDV. De 29 amostras sororreagentes para Brucelia, 68.96% foram sororreagentes para BVDV. Por outro lado das três amostras reagentes para Leptospira, uma 33.3% foi reagente para BVDV. Nenhuma associação foi detectada entre BVDV, Brucella e Leptospira (P <0,05). 

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